Ploetz Randy C, Konkol Joshua L, Narvaez Teresa, Duncan Rita E, Saucedo Ramon J, Campbell Alina, Mantilla Julio, Carrillo Daniel, Kendra Paul E
University of Florida, IFAS, 18905 SW 280th St., Homestead, FL 33031 (
USDA-ARS Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, Miami, FL 33158 (
J Econ Entomol. 2017 Apr 1;110(2):347-354. doi: 10.1093/jee/tow292.
We summarize the information available on ambrosia beetle species that have been associated in Florida with Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva, the primary symbiont of Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff and cause of laurel wilt. In total, 14 species in Ambrosiodmus, Euwallacea, Premnobius, Xyleborus, Xyleborinus, and Xylosandrus were either reared from laurel wilt-affected host trees or trapped in laurel wilt-affected stands of the same, and assayed for R. lauricola. In six collections from native species in the southeastern United States [Persea borbonia (L.), Persea palustris (Raf.) Sarg., and Persea humilis Nash] and four from avocado (Persea americana Mill.), extracted mycangia or heads (taxa with mandibular mycangia) or intact bodies (taxa with mycangia in other locations) were surface-disinfested before assays on a semi-selective medium for the isolation of Raffaelea (CSMA+). Raffaelea lauricola was identified based on its characteristic phenotype on CSMA+, and the identity of a random subset of isolates was confirmed with taxon-specific microsatellite markers. The pathogen was recovered from 34% (246 of 726) of the individuals that were associated with the native Persea spp., but only 6% (58 of 931) of those that were associated with avocado. Over all studies, R. lauricola was recovered from 10 of the ambrosia beetle species, but it was most prevalent in Xyleborus congeners. This is the first record of R. lauricola in Ambrosiodmus lecontei Hopkins, Xyleborinus andrewesi (Blandford), and Xyleborus bispinatus Eichhoff. The potential effects of R. lauricola's promiscuity are discussed.
我们总结了在佛罗里达州与劳雷尔疫霉（Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva）相关的食菌小蠹虫物种的现有信息，劳雷尔疫霉是光滑材小蠹（Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff）的主要共生菌，也是月桂枯萎病的病因。总共对食菌小蠹属（Ambrosiodmus）、新材小蠹属（Euwallacea）、前瘤小蠹属（Premnobius）、材小蠹属（Xyleborus）、材小蠹属（Xyleborinus）和材小蠹属（Xylosandrus）中的14个物种进行了研究，这些物种要么是从受月桂枯萎病影响的寄主树上饲养得到，要么是在受月桂枯萎病影响的相同林分中诱捕得到，并检测其中是否存在劳雷尔疫霉。在美国东南部本土物种[红楠（Persea borbonia (L.)）、湿地鳄梨（Persea palustris (Raf.) Sarg.）和矮鳄梨（Persea humilis Nash）]的6份样本以及鳄梨（Persea americana Mill.）的4份样本中，在用于分离劳雷尔菌属（CSMA+）的半选择性培养基上进行检测之前，对提取的菌囊或头部（具有下颌菌囊的分类单元）或完整虫体（菌囊位于其他部位的分类单元）进行了表面消毒。根据劳雷尔疫霉在CSMA+上的特征表型对其进行鉴定，并使用分类群特异性微卫星标记对随机抽取的一部分分离株进行身份确认。从与本土鳄梨属物种相关的个体中，有34%（726个中的246个）检测到该病原菌，但与鳄梨相关的个体中只有6%（931个中的58个）检测到。在所有研究中，从10种食菌小蠹虫物种中检测到了劳雷尔疫霉，但在材小蠹属的同类物种中最为普遍。这是劳雷尔疫霉在霍氏食菌小蠹（Ambrosiodmus lecontei Hopkins）、安德鲁材小蠹（Xyleborinus andrewesi (Blandford)）和双刺材小蠹（Xyleborus bispinatus Eichhoff）中的首次记录。文中还讨论了劳雷尔疫霉混杂现象的潜在影响。
