Skorski Sabrina, Thompson Kevin G, Keegan Richard J, Meyer Tim, Abbiss Chris R
Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.
Front Physiol. 2017 Sep 29;8:741. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00741. eCollection 2017.
Money has frequently been used as an extrinsic motivator since it is assumed that humans are willing to invest more effort for financial reward. However, the influence of a monetary reward on pacing and performance in trained athletes is not well-understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the influence of a monetary reward in well-trained cyclists on their pacing and performance during short and long cycling time trials (TT). Twentythree cyclists (6 ♀, 17 ♂) completed 4 self-paced time trials (TTs, 2 short: 4 km and 6 min; 2 long: 20 km and 30 min); in a randomized order. Participants were separated into parallel, non-randomized "rewarded" and "non-rewarded" groups. Cyclists in the rewarded group received a monetary reward based on highest mean power output across all TTs. Cyclists in the non-rewarded group did not receive a monetary reward. Overall performance was not significantly different between groups in short or long TTs ( > 0.48). Power output showed moderatly lower effect sizes at comencement of the short TTs ( = 36.6 W; > 0.44) and the 20 km TT ( = 22.6 W; = 0.44) in the rewarded group. No difference was observed in pacing during the 30 min TT ( = 0.95). An external reward seems to have influenced pacing at the commencement of time trials. Participants in the non-rewarded group adopted a typical parabolic shaped pattern, whereas participants in the rewarded group started trials more conservatively. Results raise the possibility that using money as an extrinsic reward may interfere with regulatory processes required for effective pacing.
由于人们认为人类愿意为了经济回报投入更多努力，金钱经常被用作一种外在激励因素。然而，金钱奖励对训练有素的运动员的节奏和表现的影响尚未得到充分理解。因此，本研究的目的是分析金钱奖励对训练有素的自行车运动员在短时间和长时间自行车计时赛（TT）中的节奏和表现的影响。23名自行车运动员（6名女性，17名男性）以随机顺序完成了4次自我节奏计时赛（TTs，2次短距离：4公里和6分钟；2次长距离：20公里和30分钟）。参与者被分为平行的、非随机的“奖励组”和“无奖励组”。奖励组的自行车运动员根据所有计时赛中的最高平均功率输出获得金钱奖励。无奖励组的自行车运动员没有获得金钱奖励。在短距离或长距离计时赛中，两组之间的总体表现没有显著差异（>0.48）。在短距离计时赛开始时（=36.6瓦；>0.44）和20公里计时赛（=22.6瓦；=0.44），奖励组中的功率输出显示出适度较低的效应大小。在30分钟计时赛中，两组的节奏没有差异（=0.95）。外部奖励似乎在计时赛开始时影响了节奏。无奖励组的参与者采用了典型的抛物线形状模式，而奖励组的参与者开始计时赛时更为保守。结果增加了将金钱用作外在奖励可能会干扰有效节奏所需的调节过程的可能性。
