Bayne Freya, Racinais Sebastien, Mileva Katya, Hunter Steve, Gaoua Nadia
Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom.
Research and Scientific Support Department, Aspetar, Doha, Qatar.
Front Psychol. 2020 Dec 23;11:608426. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.608426. eCollection 2020.
The purpose of this article was to (i) compare different modes of feedback (multiple vs. single) on 30 min cycling time-trial performance in non-cyclist's and cyclists-triathletes, and (ii) investigate cyclists-triathlete's information acquisition. 20 participants (10 non-cyclists, 10 cyclists-triathletes) performed two 30 min self-paced cycling time-trials (TT, ∼5-7 days apart) with either a single feedback (elapsed time) or multiple feedback (power output, elapsed distance, elapsed time, cadence, speed, and heart rate). Cyclists-triathlete's information acquisition was also monitored during the multiple feedback trial via an eye tracker. Perceptual measurements of task motivation, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and affect were collected every 5 min. Performance variables (power output, cadence, distance, speed) and heart rate were recorded continuously. Cyclists-triathletes average power output was greater compared to non-cyclists with both multiple feedback (227.99 ± 42.02 W; 137.27 ± 27.63 W < 0.05) and single feedback (287.9 ± 60.07 W; 131.13 ± 25.53 W). Non-cyclist's performance did not differ between multiple and single feedback ( > 0.05). Whereas, cyclists-triathletes 30 min cycling time-trial performance was impaired with multiple feedback (227.99 ± 42.02 W) compared to single feedback (287.9 ± 60.07 W; < 0.05), despite adopting and reporting a similar pacing strategy and perceptual responses ( > 0.05). Cyclists-triathlete's primary and secondary objects of regard were power (64.95 s) and elapsed time (64.46 s). However, total glance time during multiple feedback decreased from the first 5 min (75.67 s) to the last 5 min (22.34 s). Cyclists-triathletes indoor 30 min cycling TT performance was impaired with multiple feedback compared to single feedback. Whereas non-cyclist's performance did not differ between multiple and single feedback. Cyclists-triathletes glanced at power and time which corresponds with the wireless sensor networks they use during training. However, total glance time during multiple feedback decreased over time, and therefore, overloading athletes with feedback may decrease performance in cyclists-triathletes.
（i）比较不同反馈模式（多次反馈与单次反馈）对非自行车运动员和自行车三项全能运动员30分钟自行车计时赛成绩的影响，以及（ii）研究自行车三项全能运动员的信息获取情况。20名参与者（10名非自行车运动员，10名自行车三项全能运动员）进行了两次30分钟的自定节奏自行车计时赛（TT，间隔约5 - 7天），一次采用单次反馈（经过时间），另一次采用多次反馈（功率输出、经过距离、经过时间、踏频、速度和心率）。在多次反馈试验中，还通过眼动仪监测自行车三项全能运动员的信息获取情况。每隔5分钟收集一次任务动机的感知测量数据、自觉用力程度（RPE）评分和情感数据。持续记录性能变量（功率输出、踏频、距离、速度）和心率。与非自行车运动员相比，自行车三项全能运动员在多次反馈（227.99±42.02瓦；137.27±27.63瓦＜0.05）和单次反馈（287.9±60.07瓦；131.13±25.53瓦）下的平均功率输出都更高。非自行车运动员在多次反馈和单次反馈下的成绩没有差异（＞0.05）。然而，尽管自行车三项全能运动员采用并报告了相似的配速策略和感知反应（＞0.05），但与单次反馈（287.9±60.07瓦）相比，多次反馈（227.99±4,202瓦）会损害他们30分钟自行车计时赛的成绩（＜0.05）。自行车三项全能运动员关注的主要和次要对象分别是功率（64.95秒）和经过时间（64.46秒）。然而，多次反馈期间的总注视时间从最初的5分钟（75.67秒）减少到最后5分钟（22.34秒）。与单次反馈相比，多次反馈会损害自行车三项全能运动员室内30分钟自行车计时赛的成绩。而非自行车运动员在多次反馈和单次反馈下的成绩没有差异。自行车三项全能运动员会关注功率和时间，这与他们训练时使用的无线传感器网络相对应。然而，多次反馈期间的总注视时间会随着时间减少，因此，向运动员提供过多反馈可能会降低自行车三项全能运动员的成绩。
