Ikem Abua, Lin Chung-Ho, Broz Bob, Kerley Monty, Thi Ho Le
Cooperative Research Programs/Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, MO 65101, USA.
Center for Agroforestry and Department of Forestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Heliyon. 2017 Oct 10;3(10):e00409. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00409. eCollection 2017 Oct.
Enrofloxacin (ENRO), a fluoroquinolone, was quantified in overflows from an animal lot and residential sewage lagoons and in a receiving-stream (Gans Creek). The concentrations of ENRO in samples was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. In total, ninety samples including duplicates were analyzed during several monthly sampling campaigns. The samples collected represented the residential sewage lagoon overflow (RLO), animal lot lagoon overflow (ALLO), the combined overflows (RLO and ALLO), and Gans Creek (upstream, midstream and downstream positions). The frequency of detection of ENRO was 90% for RLO and 100% for both ALLO and Gans Creek. The highest concentration of ENRO (0.44 μg/L) was found in ALLO sample collected during high precipitation. ENRO levels found in RLO samples ranged from < LOQ to 259 ng/L and the highest value observed also coincided with high flow. The levels of ENRO found in Gans Creek ranged from 17-216 ng/L. A preliminary ecotoxicological assessment was conducted through calculation of the risk quotients (RQs) for organisms based on the ratio of the measured environmental concentrations in this study to the predicted-no-effect-concentrations (acute and chronic effect) data. From the RQs, high risks were observed for (cyanobacteria; RQ = 4.4); (cyanobacteria; RQ = 1.3); and (aquatic vascular plant; RQ = 2.0). The long-term effects of mixtures of PHCs on Gans Creek watershed are probable.
恩诺沙星（ENRO）是一种氟喹诺酮类药物，已在一个动物饲养场和生活污水泻湖的溢流以及一条接纳溪流（甘斯溪）中进行了定量分析。通过高效液相色谱 - 串联质谱法测定样品中恩诺沙星的浓度。在几次月度采样活动中，总共分析了包括重复样品在内的90个样品。所采集的样品代表生活污水泻湖溢流（RLO）、动物饲养场泻湖溢流（ALLO）、混合溢流（RLO和ALLO）以及甘斯溪（上游、中游和下游位置）。恩诺沙星在RLO中的检出频率为90%，在ALLO和甘斯溪中的检出频率均为100%。在高降水量期间采集的ALLO样品中发现恩诺沙星的最高浓度为0.44μg/L。在RLO样品中发现的恩诺沙星水平范围为<最低定量限至259ng/L，观察到的最高值也与高流量同时出现。在甘斯溪中发现的恩诺沙星水平范围为17 - 216ng/L。通过基于本研究中测得的环境浓度与预测无效应浓度（急性和慢性效应）数据的比值计算生物的风险商（RQs），进行了初步的生态毒理学评估。从风险商来看，观察到对（蓝藻；RQ = 4.4）、（蓝藻；RQ = 1.3）和（水生维管束植物；RQ = 2.0）存在高风险。多环芳烃混合物对甘斯溪流域的长期影响是可能的。
