Jickells T D, Baker A R, Chance R
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2016 Nov 28;374(2081). doi: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0286.
This paper reviews atmospheric inputs of trace elements and nutrients to the oceans in the context of the GEOTRACES programme and provides new data from two Atlantic GEOTRACES cruises. We consider the deposition of nitrogen to the oceans, which is now dominated by anthropogenic emissions, the deposition of mineral dust and related trace elements, and the deposition of other trace elements which have a mixture of anthropogenic and dust sources. We then consider the solubility (as a surrogate for bioavailability) of the various elements. We consider briefly the sources, atmospheric transport and transformations of these elements and how this results in strong spatial deposition gradients. Solubility of the trace elements also varies systematically between elements, reflecting their sources and cycling, and for some trace elements there are also systematic gradients in solubility related to dust loading. Together, these effects create strong spatial gradients in the inputs of bioavailable trace elements to the oceans, and we are only just beginning to understand how these affect ocean biogeochemistry.This article is part of the themed issue 'Biological and climatic impacts of ocean trace element chemistry'.
本文在“全球海洋微量元素研究计划”（GEOTRACES）的背景下，综述了海洋中微量元素和养分的大气输入情况，并提供了两次大西洋GEOTRACES航次的新数据。我们探讨了海洋中氮的沉降（目前主要由人为排放主导）、矿物尘埃及相关微量元素的沉降，以及其他具有人为源和尘埃源混合的微量元素的沉降。接着，我们研究了各种元素的溶解度（作为生物可利用性的替代指标）。我们简要考虑了这些元素的来源、大气传输和转化过程，以及这如何导致强烈的空间沉降梯度。微量元素的溶解度在不同元素之间也存在系统变化，反映了它们的来源和循环情况，对于一些微量元素，其溶解度还存在与尘埃负荷相关的系统梯度。这些效应共同在海洋生物可利用微量元素的输入方面形成了强烈的空间梯度，而我们才刚刚开始了解这些如何影响海洋生物地球化学。本文是主题为“海洋微量元素化学的生物和气候影响”的特刊的一部分。
