Department of Pediatrics and Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal QC H3T 1J4, Canada; email:
School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montreal QC H3T 1J4, Canada; email:
Annu Rev Psychol. 2018 Jan 4;69:383-407. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044030. Epub 2017 Oct 16.
This review describes a bio-psycho-social approach to understanding and preventing the development of chronic physical aggression. The debate on the developmental origins of aggression has historically opposed genetic and environmental mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that the frequency of physical aggression peaks in early childhood and then decreases until old age. Molecular genetic studies and twin studies have confirmed important genetic influences. However, recent epigenetic studies have highlighted the important role of environments in gene expression and brain development. These studies suggest that interrelated bio-psycho-social channels involved in the development of chronic physical aggression are generally the product of an intergenerational transmission process occurring through assortative mating, genetic inheritance, and the inheritance of physical and social environmental conditions that handicap brain functioning and support the use of physical aggression to solve problems. Given these intergenerational mechanisms and physical aggression onset in infancy, it appears clear that preventive interventions should start early in pregnancy, at the latest.
本综述描述了一种理解和预防慢性身体攻击发展的生物-心理-社会方法。关于攻击的发展起源的争论历来反对遗传和环境机制。最近的研究表明，身体攻击的频率在幼儿期达到峰值，然后下降直到老年。分子遗传学研究和双胞胎研究证实了遗传的重要影响。然而，最近的表观遗传学研究强调了环境在基因表达和大脑发育中的重要作用。这些研究表明，涉及慢性身体攻击发展的相互关联的生物-心理-社会渠道通常是通过选择性交配、遗传继承以及遗传身体和社会环境条件发生的代际传递过程的产物，这些条件会损害大脑功能并支持使用身体攻击来解决问题。鉴于这些代际机制和婴儿期身体攻击的开始，很明显，预防干预应该尽早开始，最迟在怀孕时就开始。
