Black Kirsten I, Hussainy Safeera Y
Aust Fam Physician. 2017 Oct;46(10):722-726.
Emergency contraception can be used to prevent pregnancy where contraception has not been used, or there has been contraceptive misuse or failure. Australian women have three options for emergency contraception: two types of oral pills (levonorgestrel [LNG]-containing pill and ulipristal acetate [UPA]) and the copper intrauterine device (IUD). Both pills are available from pharmacies without prescription, whereas the copper IUD requires insertion by a trained provider.
The objective of this article is to describe the indications, efficacy and contraindications for use of the three emergency contraceptive methods available in Australia.
Emergency contraception can potentially reduce the risk of unplanned pregnancies. The oral methods have similar side effects, but UPA is more effective than LNG and can be used up to five days after intercourse. The copper IUD is the most effective method, and provides ongoing contraception for up to 10 years. Factors to consider when recommending one option over another include time since unprotected sex, body mass index and use of enzyme-inducing medicines.
紧急避孕可用于在未采取避孕措施、避孕措施使用不当或失败的情况下预防怀孕。澳大利亚女性有三种紧急避孕选择：两种口服避孕药（含左炔诺孕酮[LNG]的药丸和醋酸乌利司他[UPA]）以及铜宫内节育器（IUD）。两种药丸无需处方即可从药店购买，而铜宫内节育器需要由经过培训的医疗人员进行放置。
本文的目的是描述澳大利亚现有的三种紧急避孕方法的适应症、有效性和禁忌症。
紧急避孕有可能降低意外怀孕的风险。口服方法有类似的副作用，但醋酸乌利司他比左炔诺孕酮更有效，并且可以在性交后五天内使用。铜宫内节育器是最有效的方法，并且可提供长达10年的持续避孕效果。在推荐一种选择而非另一种时需要考虑的因素包括无保护性行为后的时间、体重指数和酶诱导药物的使用情况。
