Musculoskeletal Molecular Biology Research Group, Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Oct 14;18(10):2147. doi: 10.3390/ijms18102147.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases spread all over the world, which results in hyperglycemia caused by the breakdown of insulin secretion or insulin action or both. Diabetes has been reported to disrupt the functions and dynamics of mitochondria, which play a fundamental role in regulating metabolic pathways and are crucial to maintain appropriate energy balance. Similar to mitochondria, the functions and the abilities of stem cells are attenuated under diabetic condition in several tissues. In recent years, several studies have suggested that the regulation of mitochondria functions and dynamics is critical for the precise differentiation of stem cells. Importantly, physical exercise is very useful for preventing the diabetic alteration by improving the functions of both mitochondria and stem cells. In the present review, we provide an overview of the diabetic alterations of mitochondria and stem cells and the preventive effects of physical exercise on diabetes, focused on skeletal muscle and the nervous system. We propose physical exercise as a countermeasure for the dysfunction of mitochondria and stem cells in several target tissues under diabetes complication and to improve the physiological function of patients with diabetes, resulting in their quality of life being maintained.
糖尿病是一种在全球范围内广泛传播的最常见的代谢疾病之一，其特征是由于胰岛素分泌或胰岛素作用或两者均受损而导致的高血糖。有报道称，糖尿病会破坏线粒体的功能和动态，线粒体在调节代谢途径方面起着基础性作用，对维持适当的能量平衡至关重要。与线粒体类似，在几种组织中，糖尿病条件下干细胞的功能和能力也会减弱。近年来，有几项研究表明，调节线粒体功能和动态对于干细胞的精确分化至关重要。重要的是，运动对于通过改善线粒体和干细胞的功能来预防糖尿病的改变非常有用。在本综述中，我们概述了线粒体和干细胞在糖尿病中的改变，以及运动对骨骼肌和神经系统等几种靶组织中糖尿病的预防作用。我们提出运动作为糖尿病并发症下几种靶组织中线粒体和干细胞功能障碍的对策，以改善糖尿病患者的生理功能，从而维持其生活质量。
