Jiang Ning
Department of Biomedical engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Curr Opin Biomed Eng. 2017 Mar;1:54-62. doi: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.03.002. Epub 2017 Mar 22.
The smallpox vaccine represents the earliest attempt in engineering immunity. The recent success of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) in cancer once again demonstrates the clinical potential of immune engineering. Inspired by this success, diverse approaches have been used to boost various aspects of immunity: engineering dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, antibodies, cytokines, small peptides, and others. With recent development of various high-throughput technologies (of which engineers, especially biomedical engineers/bioengineers contributed significantly), such as immune repertoire sequencing, and analytical methods, a systems level of understanding immunity (or the lack of it) beyond model animals has provided critical insights into the human immune system. This review focuses on recent progressed made in systems biology and the engineering of adaptive immunity.
天花疫苗是免疫工程的最早尝试。嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T细胞）近期在癌症治疗方面取得的成功再次证明了免疫工程的临床潜力。受此成功启发，人们采用了多种方法来增强免疫的各个方面：工程化树突状细胞（DCs）、自然杀伤（NK）细胞、T细胞、抗体、细胞因子、小肽等。随着各种高通量技术（工程师，尤其是生物医学工程师/生物工程师在其中发挥了重要作用）如免疫组库测序以及分析方法的不断发展，对模型动物之外的免疫系统进行系统层面的理解（或对其缺乏的理解）为深入了解人类免疫系统提供了关键见解。本综述重点关注系统生物学和适应性免疫工程方面的最新进展。
