Department of Psychology, Clinical and Health Psychology Centre, and Centre for Cognition and Brain Studies, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
Psychiatry Res. 2018 Jan;259:135-141. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.10.021. Epub 2017 Oct 13.
A central hypothesis of recovered memory is that the source of the memory may be misattributed, and the memory of an imagined event may be mistaken as the memory of the perceived event that was not remembered. The judgment of memory source depends upon phenomenological characteristics. Thus, the present study investigated characteristics of recovered memory. To exclude potential confounding effects of traumatic stress and acute mental illness, data on recovered memories of diverse valences in a nonclinical sample were collected. Self-report scales including a measure of memory characteristics were used to evaluate recovered memories and age-matched autobiographical memories that had been continuously remembered. The results showed that recovered memory was of lower clarity and contained less detailed sensory, contextual, and temporal information; additionally, it was associated with fewer thoughts and lower intensity of feelings. Participants also felt less confident regarding the veracity of recovered memory in comparison with continuous memory. In contrast to recovered trauma memory reported by clinical clients, vivid sensory details and intense affect did not characterize recovered memory in nonclinical individuals. The reduction in perceptual and contextual information, as well as cognitive operations, may increase the difficulty of judging the source of recovered memory.
内隐记忆的一个核心假设是，记忆的来源可能被错误归因，而想象事件的记忆可能被误认为是未被记住的感知事件的记忆。记忆来源的判断取决于现象学特征。因此，本研究调查了内隐记忆的特征。为了排除创伤应激和急性精神疾病的潜在混杂效应，在非临床样本中收集了不同效价的内隐记忆的记忆数据。使用自我报告量表，包括对记忆特征的测量，对内隐记忆和持续记忆的自传体记忆进行评估。结果表明，内隐记忆的清晰度较低，包含较少详细的感觉、上下文和时间信息；此外，它与较少的思想和较低的感觉强度相关。与持续记忆相比，参与者对内隐记忆的真实性也感到不太自信。与临床患者报告的创伤后内隐记忆不同，非临床个体的内隐记忆并没有鲜明的感觉细节和强烈的情感特征。感知和上下文信息的减少以及认知操作的减少可能会增加判断内隐记忆来源的难度。
