Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
Centro di ricerca, Sperimentazione e Formazione in Agricoltura 'Basile Caramia', Locorotondo, Bari, Italy.
Pest Manag Sci. 2018 Mar;74(3):715-725. doi: 10.1002/ps.4767. Epub 2017 Dec 11.
There is increasing interest in the use of biological control agents (BCAs) and botanicals (BOTs) due to increasing awareness of the environmental and human health risks associated with synthetic plant protection products. The BCAs Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747 and Aureobasidium pullulans strains DSM14940 and DSM14941, and the BOTs Melaleuca alternifolia and terpenic extracts are proposed for the control of grey mould in vineyards. This study was aimed at evaluating their effectiveness in integrated crop management strategies and their outcomes in terms of the management of fungicide resistance and residues.
In field trials carried out on table grapes in southern Italy, use of BCAs or BOTs alternately or mixtures of BCAs or BOTs with the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide fluopyram showed efficacy of up to 96% against grey mould on bunches, comparable with the chemical reference strategy (up to 87%). By contrast, use of BCAs or BOTs (up to 11 sprays) alone was not effective (< 30%) under high disease pressure. The integrated use of BCAs or BOTs reduced the spread of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor-resistant conidia, as well as fungicide residues in grapes.
Spray schedules based on integration of BCAs or BOTs with fungicides are effective against grey mould and reduce the risk of fungicide resistance in B. cinerea and fungicide residues in grapes. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
由于人们越来越意识到与合成植物保护产品相关的环境和人类健康风险，因此越来越关注生物防治剂（BCAs）和植物源农药（BOTs）的使用。枯草芽孢杆菌菌株 QST713、解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌株 D747 和出芽短梗霉菌株 DSM14940 和 DSM14941 等 BCA，以及互叶白千层和萜烯提取物等 BOT 被提议用于防治葡萄园中的灰霉病。本研究旨在评估它们在综合作物管理策略中的有效性，以及在防治杀菌剂抗性和残留方面的效果。
在意大利南部的酿酒葡萄田间试验中，交替使用 BCA 或 BOT，或用琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂杀菌剂氟吡菌胺与 BCA 或 BOT 混合物处理，对果穗上的灰霉病防治效果高达 96%，与化学参照策略（高达 87%）相当。相比之下，在高病害压力下，单独使用 BCA 或 BOT（最多 11 次喷雾）效果不佳（<30%）。BCA 或 BOT 的综合使用减少了琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂抗性分生孢子的传播以及葡萄中的杀菌剂残留。
基于 BCA 或 BOT 与杀菌剂结合的喷雾方案对灰霉病有效，并降低了灰霉菌对杀菌剂抗性和葡萄中杀菌剂残留的风险。© 2017 英国化学学会。
