Laurent Anabelle, Makowski David, Aveline Nicolas, Dupin Séverine, Miguez Fernando E
Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
INRAE, UMR MIA 518, AgroParisTech INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Feb 24;12:620786. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.620786. eCollection 2021.
, a fungal pathogen that causes gray mold on grapes, can decrease yield, substantially reduce wine quality, and therefore cause significant economic losses. In a context of increasing awareness of environmental and human health, biopesticides are a potential alternative to synthetic chemical treatments to produce grapes and wine in compliance with high food standards. However, the effectiveness of biopesticides is not well known and more research is needed to help winegrowers assess their ability to control wine diseases. Our study aims to assess the efficacy of two commercial biopesticides, based on potassium bicarbonate and , in reducing the incidence of gray mold (i.e., the proportion of grape bunches that are diseased). We use data from an on-farm trial network managed over 3 years (from 2014 to 2016) in a major wine producing region located in Southwestern France, and fit Bayesian generalized linear multilevel models able to take the variability of treatment effect across trials into account. The fitted models were then used to estimate the efficacy on incidence as a function of the severity (i.e., the proportion of diseased grape berries in a bunch) in an untreated plot in order to determine if the effectiveness of the treatments depends on the disease pressure. At average disease severity (i.e., 3%), the efficacy on disease incidence at the network level was equal to 20% [95% CI = (-0.1; 37.3)] and 13% [95% CI = (0.2; 24.7)] for potassium bicarbonate and , respectively. For both biopesticides, the efficacy on incidence for a new site-year is highly uncertain, but potassium bicarbonate had a lower uncertainty and a lower application cost compared to . Our results confirm that potassium bicarbonate is an interesting biopesticide under farming conditions in organic vineyards in southwestern France, but the amount of uncertainty points to the need for further research.
一种导致葡萄灰霉病的真菌病原体，会降低产量，大幅降低葡萄酒质量，从而造成重大经济损失。在对环境和人类健康的关注度日益提高的背景下，生物农药是一种潜在的替代合成化学处理方法，可用于生产符合高食品标准的葡萄和葡萄酒。然而，生物农药的有效性尚不清楚，需要更多研究来帮助葡萄种植者评估其控制葡萄酒病害的能力。我们的研究旨在评估两种基于碳酸氢钾和[此处原文缺失一种物质名称]的商业生物农药在降低灰霉病发病率（即患病葡萄串的比例）方面的功效。我们使用了来自法国西南部一个主要葡萄酒产区的为期3年（从2014年到2016年）管理的农场试验网络的数据，并拟合了能够考虑不同试验中处理效果变异性的贝叶斯广义线性多级模型。然后，使用拟合模型来估计在未处理地块中作为严重程度（即一串葡萄中患病葡萄浆果的比例）函数的发病率的功效，以确定处理的有效性是否取决于病害压力。在平均病害严重程度（即3%）下，在网络层面，碳酸氢钾和[此处原文缺失一种物质名称]对病害发病率的功效分别为20% [95%置信区间 = (-0.1; 37.3)] 和13% [95%置信区间 = (0.2; 24.7)]。对于这两种生物农药，新地点 - 年份发病率的功效高度不确定，但与[此处原文缺失一种物质名称]相比，碳酸氢钾的不确定性较低且施用成本较低。我们的结果证实，在法国西南部有机葡萄园的种植条件下，碳酸氢钾是一种有吸引力的生物农药，但不确定性的程度表明需要进一步研究。
