Novel Genetic Dysregulations and Oxidative Damage in Induced by Plant Defense Eliciting Psychrophilic TS1.

This study elaborates inter-kingdom signaling mechanisms, presenting a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to combat biotic as well as abiotic stress in wheat. is a devastating pathogen causing head and seedling blight in wheat, leading to huge yield and economic losses. Psychrophilic strain TS1 was found as a potential biocontrol agent for suppression of under low temperature by carrying out extensive biochemical and molecular studies in comparison with a temperate biocontrol model strain FZB42 at 15 and 25 °C. TS1 was able to produce hydrolytic extracellular enzymes as well as antimicrobial lipopeptides, i.e., surfactin, bacillomycin, and fengycin, efficiently at low temperatures. The strain-induced oxidative cellular damage, ultrastructural deformities, and novel genetic dysregulations in the fungal pathogen as the bacterial treatment at low temperature were able to downregulate the expression of newly predicted novel fungal genes potentially belonging to necrosis inducing protein families ( and ). The wheat pot experiments conducted at 15 and 25 °C revealed the potential of TS1 to elicit sudden induction of plant defense, namely, HO and callose enhanced activity of plant defense-related enzymes and induced over-expression of defense-related genes which accumulatively lead to the suppression of and decreased diseased leaf area.