Kerr Stephen, Van Bennekom Carla M, Liang Jennifer L, Mitchell Allen A
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Oct 20;66(41):1105-1108. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6641a3.
Tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine is recommended during the third trimester of each pregnancy to provide protection to newborns, who are at risk for pertussis-related morbidity and mortality (1). As part of its case-control surveillance study of medications and birth defects, the Birth Defects Study of the Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University (the Birth Defects Study) has recorded data on vaccinations received during pregnancy since 2006. Among 5,606 mothers of infants without structural birth defects in this population (control group), <1% had received Tdap vaccine before 2009. By 2012, the percentage of mothers of infants in the control group (control infants) who had received Tdap increased to approximately 9%, and then in 2013 and continuing through 2015, increased markedly, to 28% and 54%, respectively. As the prevalence of maternal Tdap vaccination increased, so did the proportion of pregnant women who received Tdap in the third trimester, as recommended (94%-100% from 2010 to 2015). The vast majority of Tdap vaccinations (96%) were received in a traditional health care setting (e.g., the office of the woman's obstetrician or primary care physician or her prenatal clinic). Increasing vaccination coverage during pregnancy could help reduce the impact of pertussis on infant morbidity and mortality.
破伤风类毒素、白喉类毒素减量及无细胞百日咳（Tdap）疫苗建议在每次妊娠的第三个月接种，以保护有百日咳相关发病和死亡风险的新生儿（1）。作为其药物与出生缺陷病例对照监测研究的一部分，波士顿大学斯隆流行病学中心的出生缺陷研究（出生缺陷研究）自2006年以来记录了孕期接种疫苗的数据。在该人群中5606名无结构出生缺陷婴儿的母亲（对照组）中，2009年之前接种Tdap疫苗的不到1%。到2012年，对照组婴儿母亲（对照婴儿）中接种Tdap的比例增至约9%，然后在2013年及持续到2015年，显著增加，分别达到28%和54%。随着孕产妇接种Tdap疫苗的普及率上升，按照建议在妊娠第三个月接种Tdap的孕妇比例也上升（2010年至2015年为94% - 100%）。绝大多数Tdap疫苗接种（96%）是在传统医疗保健机构进行的（如女性产科医生或初级保健医生的办公室或其产前诊所）。孕期接种疫苗覆盖率的提高有助于降低百日咳对婴儿发病和死亡的影响。
