Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Neurophysiology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Brain Stimul. 2018 Jan-Feb;11(1):231-238. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.10.004. Epub 2017 Oct 13.
High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a widespread therapy used in the treatment of Parkinson's Disease (PD) and other diseases. Although it has proved beneficial, much recent attention has been centered around the potential of new closed-loop DBS implementations.
Here we present a new closed-loop DBS scheme based on the phase of the theta activity recorded from the motor cortex. By testing the implementation on freely moving 6-OHDA lesioned and control rats, we assessed the behavioral and neurophysiologic effects of this implementation and compared it against the classical high-frequency DBS.
Results show that both stimulation modalities produce significant and opposite changes on the movement and neurophysiological activity. Close-loop stimulation, far from improving the animals' behavior, exert contrary effects to those of high-frequency DBS which reverts the parkinsonian symptoms. Motor improvement during open-loop, high-frequency DBS was accompanied by a reduction in the amount of cortical beta oscillations while akinetic and disturbed behavior during close-loop stimulation coincided with an increase in the amplitude of beta activity.
Cortical-phase-dependent close-loop stimulation of the STN exerts significant behavioral and oscillatory changes in the rat model of PD. Open-loop and close-loop stimulation outcomes differed dramatically, thus suggesting that the scheme of stimulation determines the output of the modulation even if the target structure is maintained. The current framework could be extended in future studies to identify the correct parameters that would provide a suitable control signal to the system. It may well be that with other stimulation parameters, this sort of DBS could be beneficial.
高频深部脑刺激（DBS）已成为治疗帕金森病（PD）和其他疾病的广泛应用的疗法。尽管它已被证明是有益的，但最近的许多注意力都集中在新的闭环 DBS 实施的潜力上。
本文提出了一种基于运动皮层记录的θ活动相位的新的闭环 DBS 方案。通过在自由移动的 6-OHDA 损伤和对照大鼠上测试该方案，我们评估了这种方案的行为和神经生理效应，并将其与经典的高频 DBS 进行了比较。
结果表明，两种刺激模式都对运动和神经生理活动产生显著的、相反的影响。闭环刺激远不能改善动物的行为，反而会产生与高频 DBS 相反的效果，即恢复帕金森症状。在开环、高频 DBS 时运动改善伴随着皮质β振荡幅度的降低，而在闭环刺激时的运动不能和紊乱行为则伴随着β活动幅度的增加。
STN 的皮质相位依赖的闭环刺激在 PD 大鼠模型中产生了显著的行为和振荡变化。开环和闭环刺激的结果有很大的不同，因此表明即使保持目标结构，刺激方案也决定了调制的输出。在未来的研究中，可以扩展当前的框架以确定提供给系统的正确参数，以提供合适的控制信号。很可能通过其他刺激参数，这种 DBS 可能是有益的。
