Poó Fernando Martín, Ledesma Ruben Daniel, Trujillo Roberto
a Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Psicología , Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata , Buenos Aires , Argentina.
b Facultad de Psicología , Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata , Buenos Aires , Argentina.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2018 Apr 3;19(3):305-310. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2017.1391380. Epub 2018 Feb 8.
Pedestrian crashes are a critical problem in Latin American countries. However, little research has been published about pedestrians and even less about their behaviors in a naturalistic context. The objective of the present research was to explore risky pedestrian crossing behaviors in traffic intersections in an argentine city (Ushuaia). It is focused in different stages of the crossing process, traffic code violations, and other potentially risky behaviors such as distractions. A high frequency of risky behaviors among pedestrians was expected. Moreover, according to previous findings, it was hypothesized that men and younger pedestrians would show riskier behaviors.
Participants were 802 pedestrians (53.9% females) observed at several intersections (with and without traffic lights) in the city of Ushuaia. Behaviors were codified following a standardized observation protocol. Observers documented information on behavior previous to, during, and after crossing. Gender and age were also registered. Data were gathered through video recording. Frequency analyses of observed behaviors were conducted for the total sample, as well as by gender and by age group. A general crossing risk index was calculated to facilitate comparisons between the genders and age groups. We conducted an analysis of variance to evaluate gender and age differences for this index.
A high proportion of risky behaviors were observed among pedestrians. The majority of pedestrian waited in the street (as opposed to on the sidewalk) before crossing, did not comply with traffic lights, or crossed outside the crosswalk. A large number of pedestrians were distracted while crossing. Men presented higher scores on risky behaviors than women. No differences were observed by age group.
The high level of risk behaviors during the different stages of street crossing is worrisome and reinforces the idea that pedestrians are responsible for many of the conflicts with motorists. Many of the risky behaviors seem to be associated with gender, which is in line with the previous literature showing more risk behaviors among men than among women. No differences were found for age group. Findings are interpreted considering some features of the Argentine road culture.
行人撞车事故在拉丁美洲国家是一个严峻的问题。然而，关于行人的研究发表得很少，而关于他们在自然环境中的行为的研究就更少了。本研究的目的是探索阿根廷城市乌斯怀亚交通路口行人的危险过马路行为。研究聚焦于过马路过程的不同阶段、交通法规违规行为以及其他潜在的危险行为，如注意力分散。预计行人中危险行为的发生率较高。此外，根据先前的研究结果，假设男性和年轻行人会表现出更危险的行为。
研究对象为在乌斯怀亚市多个路口（有交通信号灯和无交通信号灯）观察到的802名行人（53.9%为女性）。行为按照标准化观察协议进行编码。观察者记录了过马路前、过马路时和过马路后的行为信息。同时还记录了性别和年龄。数据通过视频记录收集。对总样本以及按性别和年龄组对观察到的行为进行频率分析。计算了一个总体过马路风险指数，以方便性别和年龄组之间的比较。我们进行了方差分析，以评估该指数的性别和年龄差异。
在行人中观察到高比例的危险行为。大多数行人在过马路前在马路上等待（而不是在人行道上），不遵守交通信号灯，或在人行横道外过马路。大量行人在过马路时注意力分散。男性在危险行为上的得分高于女性。各年龄组之间未观察到差异。
过马路不同阶段的高风险行为令人担忧，并强化了行人应对与驾车者发生的许多冲突负责的观点。许多危险行为似乎与性别有关，这与先前文献显示男性比女性有更多危险行为一致。各年龄组未发现差异。结合阿根廷道路文化的一些特点对研究结果进行了解释。
