a Matamoros Multidisciplinary Academic Unit-UAT, Heroica Matamoros , Tamaulipas , Mexico.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2019;20(3):303-307. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1573318. Epub 2019 Apr 11.
The objective of this study was to identify pedestrian risk behaviors that result in traffic accidents and characterization of the accidents experienced by participants in this study to provide information for the generation of integral preventive strategies. The study was correlational, descriptive, and transversal and followed a quantitative approach divided into 2 stages. In the first stage, an observational study was performed to identify the manifested risk behaviors of pedestrians, which served as a basis for the construction and design of a questionnaire. In the second stage, the questionnaire was applied to a group of 1,536 participants. Pearson's correlation coefficient was applied to establish associations between gender and age with respect to risk behaviors. The 3 behaviors that participants reported performing always or very often include using electronic gadgets (except mobile phones), not using a pedestrian crosswalk, and using a mobile phone. In addition, 18.5% were involved in at least one road accident as a pedestrian in the last 5 years. Of the total number of registered accidents, 21% resulted in pedestrian injuries, 48.3% of which were serious. These were due to external causes not related to human factors or unidentified (58.5%) and behavior factors as a whole (41.4%, 31.5% of which were caused by pedestrians). Pearson's correlation coefficient showed evidence of a correlation between age and risk behaviors. All subjects in this study performed several risky actions as pedestrians, at least occasionally, and at least one fifth had been involved in a road accident as a pedestrian. It is known that the surroundings can positively or negatively influence individuals' behaviors; therefore, once prevention measures are identified, it is possible to influence risk behaviors. Therefore, road safety education and the physical environment must be considered together, and efforts focused on optimum infrastructure also need to consider road safety education.
本研究的目的是确定导致交通事故的行人风险行为，并对研究参与者所经历的事故进行特征描述，以为制定综合预防策略提供信息。该研究为相关性、描述性和横断性研究，采用定量方法，分为两个阶段。在第一阶段进行了一项观察性研究，以确定行人表现出的风险行为，这为问卷的编制和设计提供了依据。在第二阶段，对 1536 名参与者进行了问卷调查。应用皮尔逊相关系数来确定性别和年龄与风险行为之间的关联。参与者报告经常或总是表现出的 3 种行为包括使用电子设备（手机除外）、不使用行人横道和使用手机。此外，在过去 5 年中，18.5%的参与者至少发生过一起行人道路事故。在登记的总事故中，21%导致行人受伤，其中 48.3%为严重伤害。这些伤害是由与人为因素或未识别因素无关的外部原因（58.5%）和整体行为因素（41.4%，其中 31.5%是由行人引起的）造成的。皮尔逊相关系数表明年龄与风险行为之间存在相关性。本研究的所有参与者作为行人至少偶尔会进行一些危险行为，至少五分之一的参与者曾发生过行人道路事故。众所周知，周围环境可以积极或消极地影响个人行为；因此，一旦确定了预防措施，就有可能影响风险行为。因此，道路安全教育和物理环境必须同时考虑，而侧重于最佳基础设施的努力也需要考虑道路安全教育。
