University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2017;136:177-197. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.06.005. Epub 2017 Aug 1.
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neuromodulator that is widely expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and which is cosecreted with classic neurotransmitters including GABA and glutamate. There is a long history of research implicating a role for NPY in modulating neurobiological responses to alcohol (ethanol) as well as other drugs of abuse. Both ethanol exposure and withdrawal from chronic ethanol have been shown to produce changes in NPY and NPY receptor protein levels and mRNA expression in the CNS. Importantly, manipulations of NPY Y1 and Y2 receptor signaling have been shown to alter ethanol consumption and self-administration in a brain region-specific manner, with Y1 receptor activation and Y2 receptor blockade in regions of the extended amygdala promoting robust reductions of ethanol intake. Similar observations have been made in studies examining neurobiological responses to nicotine, psychostimulants, and opioids. When taken together with observations of potential genetic linkage between the NPY system and the human alcohol abuse disorders, NPY represents a promising target for treating problematic alcohol and drug use, and in protecting individuals from relapse during abstinence.
神经肽 Y（NPY）是一种神经调质，广泛表达于中枢神经系统（CNS）中，并与经典神经递质如 GABA 和谷氨酸共分泌。有很长的研究历史表明 NPY 在调节对酒精（乙醇）以及其他成瘾药物的神经生物学反应中起作用。乙醇暴露和慢性乙醇戒断都已被证明会导致 CNS 中 NPY 和 NPY 受体蛋白水平和 mRNA 表达的变化。重要的是，NPY Y1 和 Y2 受体信号的操纵已被证明以脑区特异性的方式改变乙醇的消耗和自我给药，在扩展杏仁核的区域中激活 Y1 受体和阻断 Y2 受体促进乙醇摄入的显著减少。在研究中观察到类似的神经生物学反应对尼古丁、精神兴奋剂和阿片类药物。当与 NPY 系统与人类酒精滥用障碍之间的潜在遗传联系的观察结果结合起来时，NPY 代表了治疗有问题的酒精和药物使用的有希望的靶点，并在戒断期间保护个体免受复发。
