Ehsani Johnathon P, Li Kaigang, Grant Brydon J B, Gershon Pnina, Klauer Shelia G, Dingus Thomas A, Simons-Morton Bruce
Center for Injury Research and Policy, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
Safety (Basel). 2017;3(1). doi: 10.3390/safety3010002. Epub 2016 Dec 22.
An increasing number of countries are requiring an extended learner permit prior to independent driving. The question of when drivers begin the learner permit period, and how long they hold the permit before advancing to independent licensure has received little research attention. Licensure timing is likely to be related to "push" and "pull" factors which may encourage or inhibit the process. To examine this question, we recruited a sample of 90 novice drivers (49 females and 41 males, average age of 15.6 years) soon after they obtained a learner permit and instrumented their vehicles to collect a range of driving data. Participants completed a series of surveys at recruitment related to factors that may influence licensure timing. Two distinct findings emerged from the time-to-event analysis that tested these push and pull factors in relation to licensure timing. The first can be conceptualized as teens' motivation to drive (push), reflected in a younger age when obtaining a learner permit and extensive pre-permit driving experience. The second finding was teens' perceptions of their parents' knowledge of their activities (pull); a proxy for a parents' attentiveness to their teens' lives. Teens who reported higher levels of their parents' knowledge of their activities took longer to advance to independent driving. These findings suggest time-to-licensure may be related to teens' internal motivation to drive, and the ability of parents to facilitate or impede early licensure.
越来越多的国家要求在独立驾驶之前获得延长的学习许可证。关于驾驶员何时开始学习许可证阶段，以及在获得独立驾照之前持有该许可证的时间长短，这一问题几乎未受到研究关注。获得驾照的时间可能与“推动”和“拉动”因素有关，这些因素可能会促进或阻碍这一过程。为了研究这个问题，我们在90名新手驾驶员（49名女性和41名男性，平均年龄15.6岁）获得学习许可证后不久招募了他们，并在他们的车辆上安装仪器以收集一系列驾驶数据。参与者在招募时完成了一系列与可能影响获得驾照时间的因素相关的调查。在对这些与获得驾照时间相关的推动和拉动因素进行的事件发生时间分析中出现了两个不同的发现。第一个可以概念化为青少年的驾驶动机（推动），表现为获得学习许可证的年龄较小以及在获得许可证之前有丰富的驾驶经验。第二个发现是青少年对父母了解其活动情况的认知（拉动）；这是父母对青少年生活关注度的一个指标。报告称父母对其活动了解程度较高的青少年获得独立驾驶资格的时间更长。这些发现表明，获得驾照的时间可能与青少年的内在驾驶动机以及父母促进或阻碍早日获得驾照的能力有关。
