Lammert-Siepmann Nils, Bestgen Anne-Kathrin, Edler Dennis, Kuchinke Lars, Dickmann Frank
Geomatics/Cartography Group, Geography Department, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
Methodology and Evaluation, International Psychoanalytical University Berlin, Germany.
PLoS One. 2017 Oct 23;12(10):e0186065. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186065. eCollection 2017.
Knowing the correct location of a specific object learned from a (topographic) map is fundamental for orientation and navigation tasks. Spatial reference systems, such as coordinates or cardinal directions, are helpful tools for any geometric localization of positions that aims to be as exact as possible. Considering modern visualization techniques of multimedia cartography, map elements transferred through the auditory channel can be added easily. Audiovisual approaches have been discussed in the cartographic community for many years. However, the effectiveness of audiovisual map elements for map use has hardly been explored so far. Within an interdisciplinary (cartography-cognitive psychology) research project, it is examined whether map users remember object-locations better if they do not just read the corresponding place names, but also listen to them as voice recordings. This approach is based on the idea that learning object-identities influences learning object-locations, which is crucial for map-reading tasks. The results of an empirical study show that the additional auditory communication of object names not only improves memory for the names (object-identities), but also for the spatial accuracy of their corresponding object-locations. The audiovisual communication of semantic attribute information of a spatial object seems to improve the binding of object-identity and object-location, which enhances the spatial accuracy of object-location memory.
从（地形）地图中了解特定物体的正确位置对于定向和导航任务至关重要。空间参考系统，如坐标或方位，是任何旨在尽可能精确地进行位置几何定位的有用工具。考虑到多媒体制图的现代可视化技术，通过听觉通道传输的地图元素可以很容易地添加。视听方法在制图学界已经讨论多年。然而，到目前为止，视听地图元素在地图使用中的有效性几乎没有得到探讨。在一个跨学科（制图学-认知心理学）研究项目中，研究了地图使用者是否在不仅阅读相应地名，还将其作为语音记录来听的情况下，能更好地记住物体位置。这种方法基于这样一种观点，即学习物体标识会影响学习物体位置，这对地图阅读任务至关重要。一项实证研究的结果表明，物体名称的额外听觉传达不仅提高了对名称（物体标识）的记忆，还提高了其相应物体位置的空间准确性。空间物体语义属性信息的视听传达似乎改善了物体标识和物体位置的关联，从而提高了物体位置记忆的空间准确性。
