University of California, 90024, Los Angeles, California.
Mem Cognit. 1977 Nov;5(6):658-65. doi: 10.3758/BF03197412.
Geiselman and Bellezza (1976) concluded that any retention in memory of the sex of a speaker of verbal material is automatic. Two possible reasons for this were hypothesized: the voice-connotation hypothesis and the dual-hemisphere parallel-processing hypothesis. In Experiment 1, the to-be-remembered sentences contained either male or female agents. Incidental retention of sex of speaker did not occur. This result does not support the dual-hemisphere parallel-processing hypothesis, which indicates that retention of voice should be independent of sentence content. In Experiment 2, the sentences contained neutral agents and incidental retention of sex of speaker did occur. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 support the connotation hypothesis. The different results with regard to incidental retention of speakers's voice found in Experiments 1 and 2 were replicated in Experiment 3 using a within-subjects design. Experimemt 4 was conducted to determine if a speaker's voice does, in fact, influence the meaning of a neutral sentence. In agreement with the voice-connotation hypothesis, sentences spoken by a male were rated as having more "potent" connotations than sentences spoken by a female.
盖泽尔曼和贝勒扎（1976）得出结论，对言语材料说话人性别的任何记忆保留都是自动的。这有两个可能的原因：语音联想假说和双半球平行处理假说。在实验 1 中，需要记住的句子中包含男性或女性主语。说话人性别的偶然保留并未发生。这一结果不支持双半球平行处理假说，该假说表明，对语音的保留应独立于句子内容。在实验 2 中，句子包含中性主语，并且确实发生了说话人性别的偶然保留。实验 1 和实验 2 的结果支持了语音联想假说。在实验 1 和实验 2 中，关于说话人语音的偶然保留的不同结果在使用被试内设计的实验 3 中得到了复制。实验 4 旨在确定说话人的语音是否确实会影响中性句子的含义。与语音联想假说一致，男性所说的句子被评定为具有比女性所说的句子更“有力”的含义。
