Grow André, Schnor Christine, Van Bavel Jan
a University of Leuven (KU Leuven).
Popul Stud (Camb). 2017 Oct;71(sup1):15-34. doi: 10.1080/00324728.2017.1371477.
Recent evidence from the United States suggests that the reversal of the gender gap in education was associated with changes in relative divorce risks: hypogamous marriages, where the wife was more educated than the husband, used to have a higher divorce risk than hypergamous marriages, where the husband was more educated, but this difference has disappeared. One interpretation holds that this may result from cultural change, involving increasing social acceptance of hypogamy. We propose an alternative mechanism that need not presuppose cultural change: the gender-gap reversal in education has changed the availability of alternatives from which highly educated women and men can choose new partners. This may have lowered the likelihood of women leaving husbands with less education and encouraged men to leave less educated spouses. We applied an agent-based model to twelve European national marriage markets to illustrate that this could be sufficient to create a convergence in divorce risks.
美国最近的证据表明，教育领域性别差距的逆转与相对离婚风险的变化有关：在低攀婚姻中，妻子比丈夫受教育程度更高，过去其离婚风险高于高攀婚姻（丈夫受教育程度更高），但这种差异已经消失。一种解释认为，这可能是文化变化的结果，包括社会对低攀婚姻的接受度提高。我们提出了一种无需预设文化变化的替代机制：教育领域的性别差距逆转改变了可供受过高等教育的男女选择新伴侣的替代选项。这可能降低了女性离开受教育程度较低的丈夫的可能性，并促使男性离开受教育程度较低的配偶。我们将基于主体的模型应用于12个欧洲国家的婚姻市场，以说明这足以导致离婚风险趋同。
