Kot I, Jakubczyk A, Karaś M, Złotek U
Department of Entomology,University of Life Sciences in Lublin,Leszczyńskiego 7, 20-069 Lublin,Poland.
Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry,University of Life Sciences in Lublin,Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin,Poland.
Bull Entomol Res. 2018 Aug;108(4):494-500. doi: 10.1017/S0007485317001055. Epub 2017 Oct 24.
Gall-making Cynipidae manipulate the leaves of host plant to form galls where offspring find shelter and food. The relationship between oak gallwasp and biochemical mechanisms of galls still requires a better understanding. So, in this research, protein and phenolic compound contents, as well as the activity of antioxidative enzymes and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins were determined. Galls caused by asexual generation of Cynips quercusfolii L., Neuroterus numismalis (Fourc.) and N. quercusbaccarum L., as a model were used. All cynipid species modified the protein levels of gall tissues, but they cannot be treated as protein sinks. Significantly higher levels of phenols were observed in the galled leaves and galls of all cynipid species when compared with the control tissues. Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity was usually low or showed no activity in galled tissues of all species. PR proteins, such as chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase, had a similar activity profile. Their activity significantly increased in the leaves with galls of all cynipid species, especially those infested with C. quercusfolii. Data generated in this study clearly indicate that galling Cynipidae manipulate the biochemical machinery of the galls for their own needs. However, the pattern of the biochemical features of leaves with galls and galled tissues depends on gall-making species.
造瘿瘿蜂科昆虫会操纵寄主植物的叶片形成瘿瘤，其后代可在瘿瘤中找到庇护所和食物。橡树瘿蜂与瘿瘤的生化机制之间的关系仍需深入了解。因此，在本研究中，测定了蛋白质和酚类化合物的含量，以及抗氧化酶和病程相关（PR）蛋白的活性。以由栎瘿蜂无性世代、钱币瘿蜂和槲实瘿蜂形成的瘿瘤作为模型进行研究。所有瘿蜂种类均改变了瘿瘤组织中的蛋白质水平，但它们不能被视为蛋白质库。与对照组织相比，在所有瘿蜂种类的瘿叶和瘿瘤中均观察到酚类物质含量显著更高。在所有种类的瘿瘤组织中，过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性通常较低或无活性。几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶等PR蛋白具有相似的活性特征。在所有瘿蜂种类形成瘿瘤的叶片中，尤其是被栎瘿蜂侵染的叶片中，它们的活性显著增加。本研究得出的数据清楚地表明，造瘿瘿蜂科昆虫会根据自身需要操纵瘿瘤的生化机制。然而，有瘿瘤叶片和瘿瘤组织的生化特征模式取决于造瘿种类。
