Wang Chen, Guelfi Kym Janese, Yang Hui-Xia
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
Chronic Dis Transl Med. 2016 Dec 20;2(4):208-214. doi: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2016.11.006. eCollection 2016 Dec.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) refers to diabetes diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy that is not clearly either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. GDM is a common medical complication in pregnancy that has been rapidly increasing worldwide. GDM is associated with both short- and long-term health issues for both mothers and offspring. Consistent with type 2 diabetes, peripheral insulin resistance contributes to the hyperglycemia associated with GDM. Accordingly, it is important to identify strategies to reduce the insulin resistance associated with GDM. To date, observational studies have shown that exercise can be a non-invasive therapeutic option for preventing and managing GDM that can be readily applied to the antenatal population. However, the relevant mechanisms for these outcomes are yet to be fully elucidated. The present review aimed to explain the potential mechanisms of exercise from the perspective of reducing the insulin resistance, which is the root cause of GDM. Exercise recommendations and opinions of exercise during pregnancy are briefly summarized.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是指在妊娠中期或晚期被诊断出的糖尿病，且不属于明确的1型或2型糖尿病。GDM是妊娠期常见的医学并发症，在全球范围内一直在迅速增加。GDM与母亲和后代的短期和长期健康问题都有关联。与2型糖尿病一致，外周胰岛素抵抗导致了与GDM相关的高血糖。因此，确定降低与GDM相关的胰岛素抵抗的策略很重要。迄今为止，观察性研究表明，运动可以作为一种非侵入性的治疗选择，用于预防和管理GDM，且易于应用于产前人群。然而，这些结果的相关机制尚未完全阐明。本综述旨在从降低胰岛素抵抗（这是GDM的根本原因）的角度解释运动的潜在机制。简要总结了运动建议以及关于孕期运动的观点。
