Tapsell Linda C
School of Medicine, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
Chronic Dis Transl Med. 2017 Aug 26;3(3):154-158. doi: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2017.06.005. eCollection 2017 Sep.
This narrative review examines the changes required in dietary behaviours to address the current global burden of disease resulting from diet-associated cardiometabolic dysfunction. Beginning with known relationships between nutritional factors and health outcomes, the review identifies a number of problems with current dietary behaviours, using examples from the Australian context. Implications for practice are then discussed drawing on insights from research in dietary trials. From a concerted research effort across the globe, the effects of foods, food components and dietary patterns on cardiometabolic parameters have been reasonably well exposed. The evidence base for these effects underpins dietary guidelines, which aim to meet nutritional requirements and protect against cardiometabolic disease. Thus foods recommended in dietary guidelines tend to be consistent with research that identifies foods that appear protective and those that appear detrimental to health. The need for dietary behaviour change is apparent through analyses that have exposed increasing consumption of detrimental foods, despite the availability of healthy foods. However, behaviour change is a complex area, and where weight loss is also required, there is high level evidence that interdisciplinary efforts combining diet, physical activity and psychological support are warranted. Insights from dietary trials and research indicate that focussing on foods and dietary patterns is integral to the specific dietary change required for health outcomes, but social and behavioural factors will influence the achievement of these changes.
本叙述性综述探讨了饮食行为需要做出哪些改变，以应对当前由饮食相关的心脏代谢功能障碍导致的全球疾病负担。从营养因素与健康结果之间的已知关系入手，本综述以澳大利亚的情况为例，指出了当前饮食行为存在的一些问题。然后借鉴饮食试验研究的见解，讨论了对实践的启示。通过全球协同的研究努力，食物、食物成分和饮食模式对心脏代谢参数的影响已得到相当充分的揭示。这些影响的证据基础支撑着饮食指南，其目的是满足营养需求并预防心脏代谢疾病。因此，饮食指南中推荐的食物往往与确定对健康有保护作用和有害作用的食物的研究结果一致。尽管有健康食品可供选择，但分析表明有害食品的消费在增加，这凸显了改变饮食行为的必要性。然而，行为改变是一个复杂的领域，在还需要减肥的情况下，有充分的证据表明，将饮食、体育活动和心理支持相结合的跨学科努力是必要的。饮食试验和研究的见解表明，关注食物和饮食模式对于实现健康结果所需的特定饮食改变至关重要，但社会和行为因素将影响这些改变的实现。
