Muenhor Dudsadee, Moon Hyo-Bang, Lee Sunggyu, Goosey Emma
a Faculty of Environmental Management , Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai, Songkhla , Thailand.
b Air Pollution and Health Effect Research Center , Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai, Songkhla , Thailand.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2018 Jan 2;53(1):79-90. doi: 10.1080/10934529.2017.1369813. Epub 2017 Oct 24.
This study was undertaken to investigate levels of organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) and phthalates in floor and road dust from a manual e-waste dismantling facility and nearby communities in Thailand. Concentrations of Σ10 PFRs and Σ6 phthalates in floor dust from the facility were approximately 36-1,700 and 86,000-790,000 ng g, whereas those from the communities were about 13-9,200 and 44,000-2,700,000 ng g, respectively. The highest content of Σ10 PFRs (9,200 ng g) and Σ6 phthalates (2,700,000 ng g) in indoor dust was both detected in the dust sampled from a house with no prevailing winds located 350 m northeast of the facility. Levels of Σ10 PFRs and Σ6 phthalates in road dust from the facility were around 1,100-2,100 and 40,000-670,000 ng g, while those from the residences were about 650-2,000 and 27,000-650,000 ng g, respectively. Concentrations of Σ10 PFRs (2,100 ng g) and Σ6 phthalates (670,000 ng g) in road dust were greatest in the dust collected from the facility. For the distributional pattern, TBEP (tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate) was the main PFR in residential dust, whereas TPP (triphenyl phosphate) was the major PFR in facility dust. TBEP was also found to be the most prominent PFR in all road dust samples. Furthermore, DEHP (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate) was the most abundant phthalate congener in both floor and road dust samples. Under realistic high-end scenarios of environmental exposure to DEHP, Thai toddlers (25.29 µg kg bw day) in the adjacent communities were exposed above the US EPA's (United States Environmental Protection Agency) reference dose (RfD) for this congener (20 µg kg bw day). Our data reveal that the PFR and phthalate-containing products at the residences are a likely substantial source of PFRs and phthalates to the surrounding indoor environment, and humans can be exposed to PFRs and phthalates in their dwellings via the settled floor dust.
本研究旨在调查泰国一家电子垃圾人工拆解设施及其附近社区的地板灰尘和道路灰尘中有机磷阻燃剂（PFRs）和邻苯二甲酸盐的含量水平。该设施地板灰尘中Σ10 PFRs和Σ6邻苯二甲酸盐的浓度分别约为36 - 1700 ng/g和86000 - 790000 ng/g，而社区地板灰尘中的浓度分别约为13 - 9200 ng/g和44000 - 2700000 ng/g。室内灰尘中Σ10 PFRs的最高含量（9200 ng/g）和Σ6邻苯二甲酸盐的最高含量（2700000 ng/g）均在设施东北350米处一所没有盛行风的房屋采集的灰尘中检测到。该设施道路灰尘中Σ10 PFRs和Σ6邻苯二甲酸盐的含量水平分别约为1100 - 2100 ng/g和40000 - 670000 ng/g，而居民区道路灰尘中的含量水平分别约为650 - 2000 ng/g和27000 - 650000 ng/g。道路灰尘中Σ10 PFRs（2100 ng/g）和Σ6邻苯二甲酸盐（670000 ng/g）的浓度在设施采集的灰尘中最高。在分布模式方面，三（2 - 丁氧基乙基）磷酸酯（TBEP）是居民区灰尘中的主要PFR，而磷酸三苯酯（TPP）是设施灰尘中的主要PFR。TBEP在所有道路灰尘样本中也是最主要的PFR。此外，邻苯二甲酸二（2 - 乙基己基）酯（DEHP）是地板和道路灰尘样本中含量最丰富的邻苯二甲酸酯同系物。在现实的DEHP环境暴露高端情景下，相邻社区的泰国幼儿（25.29 μg/kg bw/天）的暴露量超过了美国环境保护局（US EPA）针对该同系物的参考剂量（RfD，20 μg/kg bw/天）。我们的数据表明，居民区含PFR和邻苯二甲酸盐的产品很可能是周围室内环境中PFRs和邻苯二甲酸盐的重要来源，人类可通过沉降在地板上的灰尘在其住所接触到PFRs和邻苯二甲酸盐。
