Ghosh Sumon, Chowdhury Sukanta, Haider Najmul, Bhowmik Rajub K, Rana Md S, Prue Marma Aung S, Hossain Muhammad B, Debnath Nitish C, Ahmed Be-Nazir
Communicable Disease ControlDirectorate General of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and Family WelfareBangladesh.
Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityChittagongBangladesh.
Vet Med Sci. 2016 Mar 11;2(3):161-169. doi: 10.1002/vms3.30. eCollection 2016 Aug.
Community awareness regarding rabies and treatment seeking behaviours are critical both for the prevention and control of the disease in human and animals. We conducted a study to explore people's awareness about rabies, their attitudes towards dogs and practices associated with treating dog bites in Satkhira Sadar, a south-western sub-district of Bangladesh. Of the total 3200 households (HHs) surveyed, the majority of the respondents have heard about rabies (73%) and there was a high level of awareness that dog bite is the main cause of rabies (86%), and that rabies can be prevented by vaccination (85%). However, 59% of the dog bite victims first seek treatment from traditional healers instead of visiting the hospitals, 29% received the rabies vaccine, 2% practiced proper wound washing with soap and water, while 4.8% have not taken any measures. None of the victims have received rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). Of the respondents, 5.2% reported a history of dog bite in at least one family member, and 11.8% reported a history of dog bite in domestic animals during the previous year. The HHs having a higher number of family members (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07-1.2), having a pet dog (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4-3.2) and caring or feeding a community dog (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4-2.9) showed an increased risk of getting a dog bite. Among the bite victims, 3.6% ( = 6) humans and 15.8% ( = 60) animals died. As a measure for dog population management (DPM), 56% preferred sterilization while the rest preferred killing of dogs. The current treatment seeking behaviours of the respondents should be improved through additional education and awareness programme and better availability for the provision of post-exposure prophylaxis in Bangladesh. We recommend scaling up national mass dog vaccination and DPM to reduce the burden of rabies cases and dog bites in Bangladesh.
社区对狂犬病的认知以及寻求治疗的行为对于预防和控制人畜狂犬病都至关重要。我们开展了一项研究，以探究孟加拉国西南部一个分区萨特希拉萨达尔地区人们对狂犬病的认知、他们对狗的态度以及与处理狗咬伤相关的行为。在总共调查的3200户家庭中，大多数受访者听说过狂犬病（73%），并且对狗咬伤是狂犬病的主要病因（86%）以及狂犬病可通过接种疫苗预防（85%）有着较高的认知度。然而，59%的狗咬伤受害者首先会向传统治疗师寻求治疗而非前往医院，29%的人接种了狂犬病疫苗，2%的人用肥皂和水正确清洗了伤口，而4.8%的人未采取任何措施。没有一名受害者接受过狂犬病免疫球蛋白（RIG）。在受访者中，5.2%报告至少有一名家庭成员有被狗咬伤的病史，11.8%报告在前一年家畜有被狗咬伤的病史。家庭成员数量较多的家庭（比值比：1.13，95%置信区间：1.07 - 1.2）、养宠物狗的家庭（比值比：2.1，95%置信区间：1.4 - 3.2）以及照顾或喂养社区狗的家庭（比值比：2.1，95%置信区间：1.4 - 2.9）被狗咬伤的风险增加。在咬伤受害者中，3.6%（n = 6）的人以及15.8%（n = 60）的动物死亡。作为犬类种群管理（DPM）的一项措施，56%的人倾向于绝育，其余的人则倾向于捕杀狗。应通过额外的教育和宣传项目以及在孟加拉国更方便地提供暴露后预防措施来改善受访者目前寻求治疗的行为。我们建议扩大全国大规模犬类疫苗接种和犬类种群管理，以减轻孟加拉国狂犬病病例和狗咬伤的负担。
