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为什么儿童更关注句子结尾的语法语素?

Why do children pay more attention to grammatical morphemes at the ends of sentences?

作者信息

Sundara Megha

机构信息

Department of Linguistics,University of California,Los Angeles.

出版信息

J Child Lang. 2018 May;45(3):703-716. doi: 10.1017/S0305000917000356. Epub 2017 Oct 25.

Abstract

Children pay more attention to the beginnings and ends of sentences rather than the middle. In natural speech, ends of sentences are prosodically and segmentally enhanced; they are also privileged by sensory and recall advantages. We contrasted whether acoustic enhancement or sensory and recall-related advantages are necessary and sufficient for the salience of grammatical morphemes at the ends of sentences. We measured 22-month-olds' listening times to grammatical and ungrammatical sentences with third person singular -s. Crucially, by cross-splicing the speech stimuli, acoustic enhancement and sensory and recall advantages were fully crossed. Only children presented with the verb in sentence-final position, a position with sensory and recall advantages, distinguished between the grammatical and ungrammatical sentences. Thus, sensory and recall advantages alone were necessary and sufficient to make grammatical morphemes at ends of sentences salient. These general processing constraints privilege ends of sentences over middles, regardless of the acoustic enhancement.

摘要

儿童更关注句子的开头和结尾,而非中间部分。在自然言语中,句子结尾在韵律和音段上会得到强化;它们在感知和记忆方面也具有优势。我们对比了声学强化以及与感知和记忆相关的优势对于句末语法语素的显著性而言是否必要且充分。我们测量了22个月大婴儿对带有第三人称单数-s的符合语法和不符合语法句子的听时。关键在于,通过对语音刺激进行交叉拼接,声学强化以及感知和记忆优势被完全交叉呈现。只有当动词处于句末位置(该位置具有感知和记忆优势)时,儿童才能区分符合语法和不符合语法的句子。因此,仅感知和记忆优势就足以使句末的语法语素变得显著。这些一般的加工限制使得句子结尾比中间部分更具优势,而与声学强化无关。

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