Zhang Mingji, Or Siu Wing
Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
Hong Kong Branch of National Rail Transit Electrification and Automation Engineering Technology Research Center, Hong Kong, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2017 Oct 25;17(11):2446. doi: 10.3390/s17112446.
We report, theoretically and experimentally, the realization of a high detection performance in a novel magnetoelectric (ME) transverse gradient sensor based on the large ME effect and the magnetic field gradient (MFG) technique in a pair of magnetically-biased, electrically-shielded, and mechanically-enclosed ME composites having a transverse orientation and an axial separation. The output voltage of the gradient sensor is directly obtained from the transverse MFG-induced difference in ME voltage between the two ME composites and is calibrated against transverse MFGs to give a high detection sensitivity of 0.4-30.6 V/(T/m), a strong common-mode magnetic field noise rejection rate of <-14.5 dB, a small input-output nonlinearity of <10 ppm, and a low gradient noise of 0.16-620 nT/m/ Hz in a broad frequency range of 1 Hz-170 kHz under a small baseline of 35 mm. An analysis of experimental gradient noise spectra obtained in a magnetically-unshielded laboratory environment reveals the domination of the pink (1/) noise, dielectric loss noise, and power-frequency noise below 3 kHz, in addition to the circuit noise above 3 kHz, in the gradient sensor. The high detection performance, together with the added merit of passive and direct ME conversion by the large ME effect in the ME composites, makes the gradient sensor suitable for the passive, direct, and broadband detection of transverse MFGs.
我们通过理论和实验,报道了一种新型磁电(ME)横向梯度传感器实现了高检测性能。该传感器基于一对具有横向取向和轴向间距的磁偏置、电屏蔽且机械封装的ME复合材料中的大ME效应和磁场梯度(MFG)技术。梯度传感器的输出电压直接从两个ME复合材料之间由横向MFG引起的ME电压差获得,并针对横向MFG进行校准,从而在35mm的小基线条件下,在1Hz至170kHz的宽频率范围内具有0.4 - 30.6V/(T/m)的高检测灵敏度、<-14.5dB的强共模磁场噪声抑制率、<10ppm的小输入输出非线性以及0.16 - 620nT/m/Hz的低梯度噪声。对在无磁屏蔽实验室环境中获得的实验梯度噪声谱进行分析表明,除了3kHz以上的电路噪声外,梯度传感器中3kHz以下的粉红(1/)噪声、介电损耗噪声和工频噪声占主导。这种高检测性能,再加上ME复合材料中由大ME效应实现的无源和直接ME转换的额外优点,使得该梯度传感器适用于横向MFG的无源、直接和宽带检测。