德国无家可归者中心理疾病的患病率。
The Prevalence of Mental Illness in Homeless People in Germany.
机构信息
Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität of Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Kanada; Psychiatric Clinic of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zürich.
出版信息
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2017 Oct 6;114(40):665-672. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0665.
BACKGROUND
The number of homeless people in Germany is increasing. Studies from multiple countries have shown that most homeless people suffer from mental illnesses that require treatment. Accurate figures on the prevalence of mental illness among the homeless in Germany can help improve care structures for this vulnerable group.
METHODS
We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of mental illness among homeless people in Germany.
RESULTS
11 pertinent studies published from 1995 to 2013 were identified. The overall study population consisted of 1220 homeless people. The pooled prevalence of axis I disorders was 77.4%, with a 95% confidence interval [95% CI] of [71.3; 82.9]. Substance-related disorders were the most common type of disorder, with a pooled prevalence of 60.9% [53.1; 68.5]. The most common among these was alcoholism, with a prevalence of 55.4% [49.2; 61.5]. There was marked heterogeneity across studies.
CONCLUSION
In Germany, the rate of mental illness requiring treatment is higher among the homeless than in the general population. The development and implementation of suitable care models for this marginalized and vulnerable group is essential if their elevated morbidity and mortality are to be reduced.
背景
德国的无家可归者人数正在增加。来自多个国家的研究表明，大多数无家可归者患有需要治疗的精神疾病。准确了解德国无家可归者中心理疾病的患病率有助于改善对这一弱势群体的护理结构。
方法
我们对德国无家可归者中心理疾病的患病率进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析。
结果
从 1995 年到 2013 年共确定了 11 项相关研究。总体研究人群由 1220 名无家可归者组成。轴 I 障碍的总患病率为 77.4%，95%置信区间[95%CI]为[71.3;82.9]。物质相关障碍是最常见的障碍类型，患病率为 60.9%[53.1;68.5]。其中最常见的是酗酒，患病率为 55.4%[49.2;61.5]。研究之间存在明显的异质性。
结论
在德国，需要治疗的精神疾病在无家可归者中的发病率高于普通人群。如果要降低这一边缘化和弱势人群的高发病率和死亡率，则必须为这一群体制定和实施合适的护理模式。
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