Magriplis Emmanuella, Farajian Paul, Panagiotakos Demosthenes B, Risvas Grigoris, Zampelas Antonis
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics - Harokopio University, El. Venizelou 70, 17671 Athens, Greece.
Prev Med Rep. 2017 Oct 6;8:177-182. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.10.001. eCollection 2017 Dec.
Based on the Early Life Theory, maternal smoking may be a factor affecting child weight status, adiposity level and blood pressure later in life. The purpose of this study was primarily to examine the risk of maternal smoking during pregnancy with overweight and obesity, central and total adiposity in school children. Secondarily, to assess the effect of maternal smoking, with children's blood pressure (BP). Data from the Greek Childhood Obesity cross sectional study (GRECO), conducted from October 2008 to May 2009, were used. A total of 2400 questionnaires gathered from children and their parents were analysed. Maternal and gestational data were gathered by a self-administered questionnaire. Women were categorized as non-smokers or smokers if they smoked ≥ 1 cigarettes/day during pregnancy. Children's body weight, height, waist circumference and BP were measured. Multiple logistic and linear regression analysis was conducted, adjusting for covariates. Four models were used in the process. The study found that children of maternal-smokers were more likely to be overweight or obese (OR: 1.6 to 1.82) and to have a larger waist circumference (OR: 1.73 to 1.85), compared to children of non-smokers in all models used. Total fat percentage was not significantly associated with maternal smoking when adjusted. Systolic and diastolic BP was not associated with maternal smoking. Results of this study strengthen the need for smoking cessation during pregnancy in order to possibly reduce the childhood obesity epidemic. Creating public health awareness of the potential risk of maternal-smoking on children's weight status later in life is warranted.
基于早期生活理论，母亲吸烟可能是影响孩子成年后体重状况、肥胖水平和血压的一个因素。本研究的目的主要是调查孕期母亲吸烟与学龄儿童超重和肥胖、中心性肥胖及总体肥胖的风险。其次，评估母亲吸烟对儿童血压（BP）的影响。研究使用了2008年10月至2009年5月进行的希腊儿童肥胖横断面研究（GRECO）的数据。共分析了从儿童及其父母那里收集到的2400份问卷。母亲和孕期数据通过自填问卷收集。如果女性在孕期每天吸烟≥1支，则被归类为非吸烟者或吸烟者。测量了儿童的体重、身高、腰围和血压。进行了多元逻辑回归和线性回归分析，并对协变量进行了调整。在此过程中使用了四个模型。研究发现，在所有使用的模型中，与非吸烟母亲的孩子相比，吸烟母亲的孩子更有可能超重或肥胖（比值比：1.6至1.82），腰围更大（比值比：1.73至1.85）。调整后，总脂肪百分比与母亲吸烟无显著关联。收缩压和舒张压与母亲吸烟无关。本研究结果强化了孕期戒烟的必要性，以便可能减少儿童肥胖流行。有必要提高公众对母亲吸烟对孩子成年后体重状况潜在风险的健康意识。
