Li L, Peters H, Gama A, Carvalhal M I M, Nogueira H G M, Rosado-Marques V, Padez C
Population, Policy, and Practice Programme, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Pediatr Obes. 2016 Jun;11(3):202-9. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12046. Epub 2015 Jul 14.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of childhood overweight/obesity defined by body mass index (BMI). We examined its association with a range of adiposity measures and cardiovascular indicators in children aged 3-10 years.
We used data from a cross-sectional study of schoolchildren across mainland Portuguese districts (2009-2010). We applied quantile regressions to examine maternal smoking associations with adiposity (n = 17 286), blood pressure (BP) and resting pulse rate (RPR) (n ≈ 2500) measures across the age range, adjusting for prenatal and early life factors.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with increases in offspring adiposity levels. The difference in median BMI between children of smokers and non-smokers was 0.39 kg m(-2) (95% confidence interval: 0.25, 0.53) in boys and 0.46 kg m(-2) (0.31, 0.62) in girls; 0.55 cm (0.24, 0.87) and 0.82 cm (0.45, 1.19), respectively, in median waist circumference; and 0.94 mm (0.49, 1.40) and 1.47 mm (0.87, 2.07) in median sum of (triceps, subscapular, suprailiac) skin-folds. The associations appeared to be stronger with increasing age. The differences in the 90th centile tended to be greater than those in median. There was no consistent association of maternal smoking with BP and RPR.
Children whose mother smoked during pregnancy had higher adiposity levels than children of non-smokers, across several measures, particularly among older children. Although there was no consistent association with cardiovascular indicators, maternal smoking association with childhood obesity may have implications for cardiovascular risk factors over the life course.
孕期母亲吸烟与儿童期超重/肥胖（以体重指数（BMI）定义）风险增加有关。我们研究了其与3至10岁儿童一系列肥胖指标和心血管指标之间的关联。
我们使用了来自葡萄牙大陆各地区学童横断面研究（2009 - 2010年）的数据。我们应用分位数回归来研究孕期母亲吸烟与各年龄段肥胖（n = 17286）、血压（BP）和静息心率（RPR）（n≈2500）指标之间的关联，并对产前和早期生活因素进行了调整。
孕期母亲吸烟与后代肥胖水平升高有关。吸烟者与非吸烟者的男孩之间，BMI中位数差异为0.39 kg m⁻²（95%置信区间：0.25，0.53），女孩为0.46 kg m⁻²（0.31，0.62）；腰围中位数分别为0.55 cm（0.24，0.87）和0.82 cm（0.45，1.19）；（肱三头肌、肩胛下、髂嵴上）皮褶厚度总和中位数分别为0.94 mm（0.49，1.40）和1.47 mm（0.87，2.07）。随着年龄增长，这种关联似乎更强。第90百分位数的差异往往大于中位数的差异。孕期母亲吸烟与BP和RPR之间没有一致的关联。
孕期母亲吸烟的儿童在多项指标上的肥胖水平高于非吸烟者的儿童，尤其是年龄较大的儿童。尽管与心血管指标没有一致的关联，但孕期母亲吸烟与儿童肥胖的关联可能对一生的心血管危险因素有影响。
