Tung Tiffiny A, Knudson Kelly J
Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37205.
Center for Bioarchaeological Research, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2018 Jan;165(1):149-172. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.23339. Epub 2017 Oct 26.
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis is used to reconstruct diet among a pre-Hispanic population from the Peruvian Andes to evaluate whether local foodways changed with Wari imperial influence in the region. This study also compares local diet to other Wari-era sites.
Samples derive from the site of Beringa in Peru and correspond primarily to pre-Wari (200-600 CE) and Wari (600-1,000 CE). We examine stable carbon isotopes from enamel (n = 29) and bone apatite (n = 22), and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes from bone collagen (n = 29), and we present stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data on archaeological and modern fauna (n = 37) and plants (n = 19) from the region.
There were no significant differences in either δ C or δ N from the pre-Wari to Wari era, indicating that those measurable aspects of diet did not change with Wari influence. There were no sex-based differences among juveniles (as inferred from δ C from enamel carbonates) nor among adults (based on δ C and δ N from adult bone collagen). Comparisons to other Wari era sites show that Beringa individuals exhibited significantly lower δ C values, suggesting that they consumed significantly less maize, a socially valued food. Further, the Froehle et al. (2012) stable isotope model suggests that the majority of the Beringa individuals consumed more C than C plants, and dietary protein was derived primarily from terrestrial animals and some marine resources.
The similar diets from pre-Wari to Wari times hint at strong local dietary traditions and durable food trade networks during the period of Wari imperial influence. The presence of limited marine foods in the diet suggests a trade network with coastal groups or sojourns to the coast to gather marine resources.
利用稳定碳氮同位素分析重建秘鲁安第斯山脉前西班牙时期人群的饮食结构，以评估该地区当地饮食方式是否因瓦里帝国的影响而发生变化。本研究还将当地饮食与其他瓦里时期的遗址进行比较。
样本来自秘鲁的贝林加遗址，主要对应前瓦里时期（公元200 - 600年）和瓦里时期（公元600 - 1000年）。我们检测了牙釉质（n = 29）和骨磷灰石（n = 22）中的稳定碳同位素，以及骨胶原（n = 29）中的稳定碳氮同位素，并展示了该地区考古和现代动物群（n = 37）及植物（n = 19）的稳定碳氮同位素数据。
从前瓦里时期到瓦里时期，δC和δN均无显著差异，这表明饮食中这些可测量的方面并未因瓦里的影响而改变。青少年（根据牙釉质碳酸盐中的δC推断）和成年人（基于成年骨胶原中的δC和δN）之间均不存在基于性别的差异。与其他瓦里时期遗址的比较表明，贝林加个体的δC值显著较低，这表明他们食用的玉米显著较少，而玉米是一种具有社会价值的食物。此外，Froehle等人（2012年）的稳定同位素模型表明，贝林加的大多数个体食用C植物多于C植物，膳食蛋白质主要来自陆生动物和一些海洋资源。
从前瓦里时期到瓦里时期相似的饮食结构暗示了在瓦里帝国影响时期强大的当地饮食传统和持久的食品贸易网络。饮食中海洋食物有限表明与沿海群体存在贸易网络，或者曾前往海岸采集海洋资源。
