Berezowska-Cnota Teresa, Luque-Márquez Ignacio, Elguero-Claramunt Isabel, Bojarska Katarzyna, Okarma Henryk, Selva Nuria
Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
PLoS One. 2017 Oct 26;12(10):e0186605. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186605. eCollection 2017.
Non-invasive sampling by hair-trapping is increasingly used worldwide in wildlife research. Despite this rise and the potential of hair samples for ecology and conservation studies, the relative performance of hair collection devices has been rarely tested. Here, we compare the effectiveness of five types of hair traps for brown bears Ursus arctos in the Carpathian Mountains (SE Poland) and test the effects of trap type, season, number of days elapsed since trap installation and trap features on the trapping success in order to provide recommendations for optimal sampling in future studies. The trap types were corral, path-trap, "smola"(beechwood tar) tree-trap, turpentine tree-trap and natural rub. In 2010, we collected 858 hair samples during 2330 inspections of 175 hair traps and found that the most effective traps were smola tree-traps (mean percentage of successful inspections ± SD: 30.2% ± 26.0) and natural rubs (50.8% ± 16.7). Based on this finding, over the following 2 years we focused on 24 smola tree-traps and eight natural rubs. During this long-term survey (2010-2012, 969 inspections, 1322 samples collected) the trapping success increased with time and smola tree-traps achieved similar effectiveness to natural rubs (45.5% ± 29.7 and 45.9 ± 23.4, respectively). We show that when baiting smola tree-traps ten weeks prior to research or monitoring, sampling effectiveness can reach up to 30%. Taking into account the logistical and methodological constraints associated with detecting and using natural rubs for a proper survey design, we recommend using smola tree-traps baited in advance for hair sampling in wildlife studies.
在全球范围内，通过毛发诱捕进行的非侵入性采样在野生动物研究中越来越普遍。尽管这种方法的应用日益广泛，且毛发样本在生态学和保护研究中具有很大潜力，但毛发收集装置的相对性能却很少得到测试。在此，我们比较了五种类型的毛发陷阱在喀尔巴阡山脉（波兰东南部）对棕熊（ Ursus arctos ）的有效性，并测试了陷阱类型、季节、陷阱安装后经过的天数以及陷阱特征对诱捕成功率的影响，以便为未来研究中的最佳采样提供建议。陷阱类型包括畜栏式陷阱、路径陷阱、“smola”（山毛榉焦油）树陷阱、松节油树陷阱和天然摩擦痕迹。2010年，我们在对175个毛发陷阱进行的2330次检查中收集了858份毛发样本，发现最有效的陷阱是smola树陷阱（成功检查的平均百分比±标准差：30.2% ± 26.0）和天然摩擦痕迹（50.8% ± 16.7）。基于这一发现，在接下来的两年里，我们重点关注了24个smola树陷阱和8个天然摩擦痕迹。在这次长期调查（2010 - 2012年，969次检查，收集了1322个样本）中，诱捕成功率随时间增加，smola树陷阱的有效性与天然摩擦痕迹相似（分别为45.5% ± 29.7和45.9 ± 23.4）。我们发现，在研究或监测前10周对smola树陷阱进行诱饵设置时，采样有效性可达30%。考虑到在适当的调查设计中检测和使用天然摩擦痕迹所涉及的后勤和方法限制，我们建议在野生动物研究中使用预先诱饵设置的smola树陷阱进行毛发采样。
