Norell-Clarke Annika, Hagquist Curt
Centre for Research on Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Karlstad University, Sweden.
Scand J Public Health. 2017 Dec;45(8):869-877. doi: 10.1177/1403494817732269. Epub 2017 Oct 9.
The aim was to investigate changes in child and adolescent sleep habits in Sweden over time. This had not been done previously.
Cross-sectional questionnaire data over three decades of investigations of the Health Behaviours of School Children study (1985/1986, 2005/2006 and 2013/2014) were used. The sample included 18,682 children and adolescents, aged 11, 13 and 15. Empirically based age-specific sleep duration recommendations were used to operationalise sleep duration.
The results showed that, over time, fewer go to bed early and more go to bed late. Regarding sleep duration, there have been decreases in the proportion of children and adolescents that sleep as much as is recommended for their age. Sleep onset difficulties have increased for all ages and increase the odds of sleeping less than recommended as well as having late bedtimes. Boys were more likely than girls to have later bedtimes and to sleep less than recommended. A vocational educational track, not planning to study further or being unsure of which track to choose increased the odds for 15 year olds to have late bedtimes and to sleep less than recommended compared with a college preparatory track.
The results indicate that over time, fewer children and adolescents attain sufficient sleep duration. This may have implications for study results, mental health and cognitive abilities.
本研究旨在调查瑞典儿童及青少年睡眠习惯随时间的变化情况。此前尚未有过此类研究。
采用了对“学龄儿童健康行为研究”（1985/1986年、2005/2006年和2013/2014年）长达三十年调查的横断面问卷调查数据。样本包括18682名11岁、13岁和15岁的儿童及青少年。基于经验的特定年龄睡眠时长建议被用于确定睡眠时长。
结果显示，随着时间推移，早睡的人减少，晚睡的人增多。在睡眠时长方面，达到其年龄所建议睡眠时长的儿童及青少年比例有所下降。各年龄段入睡困难情况均有所增加，这也增加了睡眠时间少于建议时长以及晚睡的几率。男孩比女孩更有可能晚睡且睡眠时间少于建议时长。与大学预科课程相比，选择职业教育课程、不打算继续深造或不确定选择何种课程的15岁青少年晚睡及睡眠时间少于建议时长的几率更高。
结果表明，随着时间推移，达到充足睡眠时长的儿童及青少年数量减少。这可能会对学习成绩、心理健康和认知能力产生影响。
