Burnham Melissa M, Gaylor Erika E, Wei Xin
Human Development & Family Studies, College of Education, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, Mail Stop 0278, Reno, NV 89557-0278.
SRI Education, Center for Education and Human Services SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025.
Sleep Health. 2016 Mar;2(1):25-29. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2015.12.004. Epub 2016 Jan 25.
The objectives were to characterize the rate, duration, and factors associated with napping in a large, nationally representative sample of toddlers attending child care.
We analyzed a subset of data from the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, including parent report, caregiver report, and observational measures.
Data were limited to the 3050 participants reporting that their 2-year-old routinely spent greater than 1 hour per week in nonparental child care.
Interviews were completed to measure child care type (relative, nonrelative, center-based), demographics, bedtime characteristics (eg, presence of a bedtime routine, assistance needed to fall asleep), and naptime. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Research Edition was used to measure child outcomes.
Napping was reported to occur in 91% of 2-year-olds, with most naps reported to last 2 hours. Significant racial and ethnic differences were found in nap duration, with black children napping longer and Latino children napping shorter than white children, controlling for socioeconomic status and sex. Children cared for by relatives had longer naps than those in nonrelative child care. There were no significant relationships between naps and child outcomes.
Results highlight racial and ethnic differences in daytime napping duration and interesting differences in nap duration in different child care settings. Child care providers may use these results to adopt appropriate expectations, policies, and practices for 2-year-old napping.
本研究旨在描述在全国具有代表性的大量参加日托的幼儿样本中，小睡的频率、时长以及与之相关的因素。
我们分析了来自具有全国代表性的儿童早期纵向研究——出生队列研究的部分数据，包括家长报告、照料者报告以及观察指标。
数据仅限于3050名参与者，他们报告称自己2岁的孩子每周在非父母照料的日托机构中度过的时间超过1小时。
通过访谈来测量日托类型（亲属照料、非亲属照料、中心式照料）、人口统计学特征、就寝时间特点（例如，是否有就寝常规、入睡是否需要帮助）以及小睡情况。使用贝利婴幼儿发展量表——研究版来测量儿童的发育情况。
据报告，91%的2岁儿童会小睡，大多数小睡时长为2小时。在控制了社会经济地位和性别因素后，发现小睡时长存在显著的种族和民族差异，黑人儿童小睡时间比白人儿童长，而拉丁裔儿童小睡时间比白人儿童短。由亲属照料的儿童比在非亲属照料机构的儿童小睡时间更长。小睡与儿童发育情况之间没有显著关联。
研究结果凸显了日间小睡时长的种族和民族差异，以及不同日托环境下小睡时长的有趣差异。日托提供者可利用这些结果，对2岁儿童的小睡制定适当的预期、政策和做法。
