Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322.
Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322.
Sleep Health. 2019 Feb;5(1):49-57. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.09.010. Epub 2018 Oct 15.
Sleep disorders and sleep insufficiency are common among preschool-aged children. Studies among school-aged children show disordered sleep is often more prevalent among racial minority groups. The primary aim of this systematic review was to critically appraise empirical data to elucidate the relationship between race and key sleep variables among children aged 2 to 5 years old. By systematically searching PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases, we identified empirical research articles conducted in the United States that investigate this relationship. We searched for variables relevant to (1) insufficient sleep duration, (2) poor sleep quality, (3) irregular timing of sleep, including sleep/wake problems and irregular bedtime onset and wake times (4) and sleep/circadian disorders. Nine studies satisfied the criteria for inclusion: five investigated nocturnal sleep duration, five investigated bedtime-related variables, four investigated daytime sleep (napping), three investigated total sleep, two investigated sleep quality, and one investigated wake times. Four studies specifically addressed racial and demographic differences in sleep variables as the primary aim, while the remaining five contained analyses addressing racial and demographic differences in sleep as secondary aims. Non-Hispanic white, white, or European-American race was used as the reference category in all studies. The results provided consistent evidence that white, non-Hispanic children were more likely to go to bed earlier and more regularly, have longer nocturnal sleep, and nap less than most racial and ethnic minorities. Combined, this literature presents a compelling narrative implicating race as an important factor in sleep patterns among a preschool age population.
睡眠障碍和睡眠不足在学龄前儿童中很常见。针对学龄儿童的研究表明，睡眠障碍在少数族裔群体中更为普遍。本系统评价的主要目的是批判性地评估实证数据，阐明 2 至 5 岁儿童种族与关键睡眠变量之间的关系。我们通过系统地搜索 PubMed、Web of Science 和 EBSCO 数据库，确定了在美国进行的调查这一关系的实证研究文章。我们搜索了与以下变量相关的研究：（1）睡眠时间不足，（2）睡眠质量差，（3）睡眠时间不规律，包括睡眠/觉醒问题和不规律的就寝时间和醒来时间，（4）和睡眠/昼夜节律障碍。有 9 项研究符合纳入标准：5 项研究调查了夜间睡眠时间，5 项研究调查了与就寝时间相关的变量，4 项研究调查了日间睡眠（小睡），3 项研究调查了总睡眠时间，2 项研究调查了睡眠质量，1 项研究调查了醒来时间。有 4 项研究专门将种族和人口统计学差异作为睡眠变量的主要目标，而其余 5 项研究则包含了关于种族和人口统计学差异的分析作为次要目标。在所有研究中，非西班牙裔白人、白种人或欧洲裔美国人被用作参考类别。研究结果提供了一致的证据，表明白人、非西班牙裔儿童更有可能早睡且更有规律，夜间睡眠时间更长，午睡时间更短，与大多数少数族裔相比。总的来说，这一文献提出了一个令人信服的说法，即种族是学龄前儿童睡眠模式的一个重要因素。
