Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2601, Australia.
Environ Geochem Health. 2019 Jun;41(3):1351-1367. doi: 10.1007/s10653-018-0215-8. Epub 2018 Nov 21.
Tin, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ag and Hg concentrations were measured in waters, sediments and three ubiquitous sedentary molluscs: the oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, a rocky intertidal gastropod, Austrocochlea porcata, and a sediment-dwelling gastropod, Batillaria australis, at 12 locations along the far south coast of NSW, Australia, from Batemans Bay to Twofold Bay during 2009. Metal concentrations in water for Sn, Cd, Ag and Hg were below detection limits (< 0.005 μg/L). Measurable water metal concentrations were Cu: 0.01-0.08 μg/L, Zn: 0.005-0.11 μg/L and Pb: 0.005-0.06 μg/L. Mean metal concentration in sediments were Sn < 0.01-2 μg/g, Cu < 0.01-605 μg/g, Zn 23-765 μg/g, Cd < 0.01-0.5 μg/g, Pb < 0.01-0.3 μg/g, Ag < 0.01-0.9 μg/g and Hg < 0.01-2.3 μg/g. Several locations exceeded the Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand (Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and marine water quality 2000) low and high interim sediment quality guidelines' levels for Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg. Some sites had measurable Sn concentrations, but these were all well below the levels of tributyltin known to cause harm to marine animals. Elevated metal concentrations are likely to be from the use of antifoulants on boats, historical mining activities and agriculture in the catchments of estuaries. All molluscs had no measurable concentrations of Sn (< 0.01 μg/g) and low mean Ag (< 0.01-1.5 μg/g) and Hg (< 0.01-0.5 μg/g) concentrations. Mean Cu (24-1516 μg/g), Zn (45-4644 μg/g), Cd (0.05-5μg/g) and Pb (0.05-1.1 μg/g) in oysters were close to background concentrations. Oysters have Cd and Pb concentrations well below the Australian Food Standards Code (2002).] There were no significant correlations between metal concentrations in sediments and in organisms within locations, and no relationship with levels of boating activity and suspected antifouling contamination. Although not pristine, the low levels of metal contamination in sediments and molluscs in comparison with known metal-contaminated areas indicate that this region is not grossly contaminated with metals and suitable for the development of mariculture.].
在 2009 年，我们在澳大利亚新南威尔士州远南海岸的 12 个地点（从贝特曼斯湾到双湾），对水体、沉积物以及三种常见的固着软体动物（牡蛎、扁玉螺和光滑滨螺）中的锡、铜、锌、镉、铅、银和汞浓度进行了测量。水样本中锡、镉、银和汞的金属浓度可测下限（<0.005 μg/L）。可测的水金属浓度为铜：0.01-0.08 μg/L、锌：0.005-0.11 μg/L 和铅：0.005-0.06 μg/L。沉积物中的金属浓度均值为锡<0.01-2 μg/g、铜<0.01-605 μg/g、锌 23-765 μg/g、镉<0.01-0.5 μg/g、铅<0.01-0.3 μg/g、银<0.01-0.9 μg/g 和汞<0.01-2.3 μg/g。一些地点的铜、锌、镉和汞浓度超过了澳大利亚和新西兰环境与保育理事会以及澳大利亚和新西兰农业与资源管理理事会（2000 年澳大利亚和新西兰淡水和海水水质指导标准）制定的低和高临时沉积物质量指导标准限值。一些地点的锡浓度是可测的，但都远低于三丁基锡对海洋动物造成危害的水平。金属浓度升高可能是由于船只使用防污剂、历史采矿业和流域农业活动所致。所有软体动物的锡浓度都不可测（<0.01 μg/g），银（<0.01-1.5 μg/g）和汞（<0.01-0.5 μg/g）浓度均值较低。牡蛎体内的铜（24-1516 μg/g）、锌（45-4644 μg/g）、镉（0.05-5μg/g）和铅（0.05-1.1 μg/g）浓度接近背景浓度。牡蛎体内的镉和铅浓度远低于澳大利亚食品标准法典（2002 年）的规定。] 沉积物和生物体中的金属浓度在各地点之间没有显著相关性，与船只活动水平和可疑防污剂污染也没有关系。尽管该地区并非原始无污染，但与已知金属污染地区相比，沉积物和软体动物中的金属污染程度较低，表明该地区的金属污染并不严重，适合发展海水养殖。
