Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian State Medical University, Moscow, 119931, Russian Federation.
Department of General and Applied Neurobioscience, Serbsky Eederal Medical Research Center of Narcology and Psichiatry, 113094 Moscow, Russian Federation.
Curr Drug Targets. 2018;19(14):1639-1648. doi: 10.2174/1389450118666171027111528.
Stem cell therapy was established as a promising approach for regenerative medicine applications such as cardiac repair. However, current stem cell-based therapeutic strategies have serious challenges such as low retention and viability of transplanted stem cells in the injured myocardium. This significantly limits efficiency of stem cell therapy. In addition, poor knowledge about the fate and survival of stem cells after transplantation represents a major reason of conflicting results from recent clinical studies.
The purpose of review is to highlight key properties and possible applications of nanoparticles for therapeutic approaches utilizing stem cells for cardiac repair.
Nanoparticles that are widely used in various biomedical applications may serve as a valuable tool for overcoming these obstacles. Various types of nanoparticles could be efficiently used for delivery of genes that enhance survival and regenerative capacity and decrease apoptosis of transplanted stem cells in the adverse ischemic microenvironment. Furthermore, modification of nanoparticles with chemical agents and/or specific proteins and peptides greatly increases the possibility of targeted transfer of a cargo. Nanoparticles can also greatly facilitate in vivo monitoring of stem cell tracking. Using multimodality hybrid nanosized agents, it is possible to obtain detailed characterization of the post-transplantation behavior of stem cell engrafts.
Using of nanocarriers may be very helpful to trigger the efficiency of cardiovascular stem cell biology. It is important however to keep in the mind safety and compatibility of implementation of nanoparticles to proceed to clinical trials.
干细胞疗法已被确立为一种有前途的再生医学应用方法，例如心脏修复。然而，目前基于干细胞的治疗策略存在严重挑战，例如移植的干细胞在受损心肌中的保留率和存活率低。这极大地限制了干细胞疗法的效率。此外，对移植后干细胞的命运和存活了解甚少，是近期临床研究结果相互矛盾的主要原因之一。
本次综述的目的是强调纳米粒子在利用干细胞进行心脏修复的治疗方法中的关键特性和可能的应用。
广泛用于各种生物医学应用的纳米粒子可以作为克服这些障碍的有价值的工具。各种类型的纳米粒子可有效地用于递增强生和再生能力的基因，以及减少移植的干细胞在不利的缺血微环境中的细胞凋亡。此外，用化学试剂和/或特定的蛋白质和肽对纳米粒子进行修饰，大大增加了靶向传递有效载荷的可能性。纳米粒子还可以极大地促进干细胞追踪的体内监测。使用多模态混合纳米级试剂，可以详细描述干细胞移植后的行为。
使用纳米载体可能对触发心血管干细胞生物学的效率非常有帮助。然而，重要的是要牢记纳米粒子的实施的安全性和兼容性，以进行临床试验。
