Department of Statistical Science University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Epidemiology of the Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00147 Rome, Italy.
Department of Epidemiology of the Lazio Regional Health Service, Via Cristoforo Colombo, 112, 00147 Rome, Italy.
Environ Res. 2018 Jan;160:479-486. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.003. Epub 2017 Nov 5.
Air pollution is associated with several adverse health outcomes in children, such as respiratory illnesses and cognitive development impairment. There are suggestions of an effect of traffic-related air pollution on the occurrence of childhood obesity, but the results are not consistent.
The aim of the study is to analyse whether air pollution and vehicular traffic exposure, during the first four years of life, influence obesity- related measures among 4 and 8-year-old children from a prospective birth cohort in Rome.
A cohort of newborns, enrolled in 2003-2004 within the GASPII project, was followed at 4 and 8 years of age with parental interviews and clinical examinations. Air pollution was assessed at residential address using Land Use Regression models (for NO, NOx, PM, PM, PMcoarse, PM2.5 absorbance and one traffic variable (Total traffic load of all roads in a 100m buffer)). The outcomes under study were body mass index (BMI Z-scores according to WHO recommendations, considered both categorical and continuous) measured at 4 and 8 years, and, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, total and HDL cholesterol measured at 8 years. The associations were evaluated through both cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches, using logistic regression models, Generalized Estimating Equation models (GEE) and linear regression models, as appropriate. Moreover, Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) methodology was used to account for selection bias at enrolment and at follow-up.
A total of 719 infants were enrolled and 581 (80.8%) and 499 (69.4%) were followed at 4 and 8 years, respectively. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 9.3% and 36.9% at 4 and 8 years. No evidence of an association was found between vehicular traffic and being overweight/obese. Similarly, there was no evidence of an association between exposure to air pollutants and all other ponderal excess parameters.
The study shows no association between exposure to vehicular traffic and exposure to pollutants on obesity related parameters such as BMI, blood lipids and abdominal adiposity during childhood. Overall evidence of air pollution being obesogenic remains limited.
空气污染与儿童的多种不良健康后果有关，例如呼吸道疾病和认知发育障碍。有研究表明，交通相关的空气污染会对儿童肥胖的发生产生影响，但结果并不一致。
本研究旨在分析儿童生命的前四年中，空气污染和交通暴露是否会影响罗马一个前瞻性出生队列中 4 岁和 8 岁儿童的肥胖相关指标。
一项于 2003-2004 年在 GASPII 项目中纳入的新生儿队列，在 4 岁和 8 岁时通过父母访谈和临床检查进行随访。使用土地利用回归模型（用于 NO、NOx、PM、PM、PMcoarse、PM2.5 吸收率和一个交通变量（100m 缓冲区中所有道路的总交通负荷））评估居住地址的空气污染。研究结果为 4 岁和 8 岁时测量的体重指数（BMI Z 评分，根据世卫组织建议，考虑分类和连续），以及 8 岁时测量的腰围、腰臀比、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇。使用逻辑回归模型、广义估计方程模型（GEE）和线性回归模型，根据具体情况评估了横断面和纵向方法的关联。此外，还使用逆概率加权（IPW）方法来解释在入组和随访时的选择偏差。
共纳入 719 名婴儿，分别有 581 名（80.8%）和 499 名（69.4%）在 4 岁和 8 岁时进行了随访。4 岁和 8 岁时超重/肥胖的患病率分别为 9.3%和 36.9%。交通车辆与超重/肥胖之间没有发现关联。同样，也没有发现暴露于空气污染物与所有其他肥胖参数之间存在关联。
本研究表明，在儿童时期，交通暴露与肥胖相关参数（如 BMI、血脂和腹部肥胖）之间没有关联，而接触污染物也没有关联。空气污染具有肥胖效应的总体证据仍然有限。
