Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University, Islamabad Campuses, Pakistan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
Chemosphere. 2018 Jan;191:651-663. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.097. Epub 2017 Oct 17.
Exposure to particulate emissions poses a variety of public health concerns worldwide, specifically in developing countries. This review summarized the documented studies on indoor particulate matter (PM) emissions and their major health concerns in South Asia. Reviewed literature illustrated the alarming levels of indoor air pollution (IAP) in India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh, while Sri Lanka and Bhutan are confronted with relatively lower levels, albeit not safe. To our knowledge, data on this issue are absent from Afghanistan and Maldives. We found that the reported levels of PM and PM in Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India were 2-65, 3-30, 4-22, 2-28 and 1-139, 2-180, 3-77, 1-40 fold higher than WHO standards for indoor PM (50 μg/m) and PM (25 μg/m), respectively. Regarding IAP-mediated health concerns, mortality rates and incidences of respiratory and non-respiratory diseases were increasing with alarming rates, specifically in India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. The major cause might be the reliance of approximately 80% population on conventional biomass burning in the region. Current review also highlighted the prospects of IAP reduction strategies, which in future can help to improve the status of indoor air quality and public health in South Asia.
暴露于颗粒物排放会引起全球范围内的各种公共卫生问题，特别是在发展中国家。本综述总结了南亚地区关于室内颗粒物（PM）排放及其主要健康问题的已有研究。综述文献说明了印度、巴基斯坦、尼泊尔和孟加拉国令人震惊的室内空气污染（IAP）水平，而斯里兰卡和不丹则面临着相对较低但并非安全的水平。据我们所知，阿富汗和马尔代夫没有关于这个问题的数据。我们发现，尼泊尔、巴基斯坦、孟加拉国和印度报告的 PM 和 PM 水平分别比世卫组织室内 PM（50μg/m）和 PM（25μg/m）标准高 2-65 倍、3-30 倍、4-22 倍和 2-28 倍，1-139 倍、2-180 倍、3-77 倍和 1-40 倍。关于 IAP 引起的健康问题，死亡率和呼吸道及非呼吸道疾病的发病率以惊人的速度上升，特别是在印度、巴基斯坦、尼泊尔和孟加拉国。主要原因可能是该地区约 80%的人口依赖传统的生物质燃烧。本综述还强调了减少 IAP 的策略的前景，这些策略在未来可以帮助改善南亚室内空气质量和公共健康状况。
