Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India.
Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006, India.
Exp Cell Res. 2018 Jan 1;362(1):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.10.018. Epub 2017 Oct 24.
Ovarian carcinomas relate to highest death rate in gynecologic malignancies as absence of symptoms shield the disease in the early stage. Current evidences have been devoted to discovering early effective screening mechanism prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Therefore, biomarkers are the crucial tools that are capable of predicting progression, risk stratification and overall therapeutic benefit to fight against this deadly disease. Although recent studies have revealed serum protein markers, CA-125, HE4, mesothelin etc. have higher sensitivity and specificity at the early stages of the cancer; the critical questions arise regarding the applicability and reproducibility of genomic profiling across different patient groups. Hence, our hypothesis is that the panels of signature biomarkers will be much more effective to improve the diagnosis and prediction of patient survival outcome with high sensitivity and specificity. Ovarian cancer is heterogeneous in nature and contain a sub-population of stem cell-like characteristics that has the ability to grow as anchorage-independent manner and subsequently is able to metastasize. Highly tumorigenic and chemotherapy-resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs)-specific biomarkers therefore reflects the interesting possibilities to be targeted to minimize the high frequency of relapse and resistance to drugs. Several putative ovarian CSC markers such as CD24, CD44, CD133, SSEA have already been proposed in recent studies, yet, a large panel of updated biomarkers have high clinical relevance to define the prospective isolation of viable circulating CSCs. Therefore, this review highlights current evidence based updated ovarian cancer specific prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers and potential importance of CSCs in context of tumorigenicity and metastatic activity for fundamental biological and clinical implications.
卵巢癌是妇科恶性肿瘤中死亡率最高的一种，因为其早期缺乏症状，难以被发现。目前的研究重点是在出现临床症状之前发现早期有效的筛查机制。因此，生物标志物是预测疾病进展、风险分层和整体治疗效果的重要工具，有助于对抗这种致命疾病。尽管最近的研究揭示了血清蛋白标志物，如 CA-125、HE4、间皮素等，在癌症早期具有更高的敏感性和特异性；但关键问题是基因组谱在不同患者群体中的适用性和可重复性。因此，我们的假设是，特征生物标志物的组合将更有效地提高诊断和预测患者生存结果的敏感性和特异性。卵巢癌在性质上具有异质性，包含具有类似干细胞特征的亚群，这些细胞具有以非锚定方式生长的能力，并随后能够转移。高致瘤性和化疗耐药性的癌症干细胞（CSC）特异性标志物因此反映了靶向这些标志物的可能性，以最大程度地减少复发的高频率和对药物的耐药性。最近的研究已经提出了几种假定的卵巢 CSC 标志物，如 CD24、CD44、CD133、SSEA，但一组更新的生物标志物具有很高的临床相关性，可以定义可行的循环 CSC 的前瞻性分离。因此，本综述强调了当前基于证据的更新的卵巢癌特异性预后和诊断生物标志物，以及 CSCs 在肿瘤发生和转移活性方面的潜在重要性，这具有重要的基础生物学和临床意义。
