SINTEF Ocean, Dept. Environmental Technology, Brattørkaia 17C, 7010 Trondheim, Norway.
The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Dept. Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2018 Apr;129(2):555-561. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.030. Epub 2017 Oct 24.
Chemical dispersants are well-established as oil spill response tools. Several studies have emphasized their positive effects on oil biodegradation, but recent studies have claimed that dispersants may actually inhibit the oil biodegradation process. In this study, biodegradation of oil dispersions in natural seawater at low temperature (5°C) was compared, using oil without dispersant, and oil premixed with different concentrations of Slickgone NS, a widely used oil spill dispersant in Europe. Saturates (nC10-nC36 alkanes), naphthalenes and 2- to 5-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were biotransformed at comparable rates in all dispersions, both with and without dispersant. Microbial communities differed primarily between samples with or without oil, and they were not significantly affected by increasing dispersant concentrations. Our data therefore showed that a common oil spill dispersant did not inhibit biodegradation of oil at dispersant concentrations relevant for response operations.
化学分散剂是成熟的溢油应急工具。多项研究强调了它们对石油生物降解的积极影响，但最近的研究声称，分散剂实际上可能会抑制石油的生物降解过程。在这项研究中，在低温（5°C）下比较了天然海水中油分散体的生物降解情况，使用了没有分散剂的油和与不同浓度的 Slickgone NS 预混合的油，Slickgone NS 是欧洲广泛使用的溢油分散剂。饱和烃（nC10-nC36 烷烃）、萘和 2-5 环多环芳烃（PAH）在所有分散体中均以可比的速率进行生物转化，无论是否添加分散剂。微生物群落主要存在于有油和无油的样品之间的差异，而且它们不受分散剂浓度增加的显著影响。因此，我们的数据表明，在与应对行动相关的分散剂浓度下，常见的溢油分散剂并没有抑制油的生物降解。
