Third Coast R&D, Inc. 2728 Avenue Q Galveston, TX 77550, United States.
Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas School of Public Health Austin Regional Campus, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Suite 6.300, Austin, TX 78701, United States.
Appetite. 2018 Feb 1;121:249-262. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.10.033. Epub 2017 Oct 25.
Early care and education (ECE) centers that require lunch brought from home provide an uncluttered view of parent-child dietary interactions in early childhood. Children's eating from parent-provided bag lunches was observed at 30 ECE centers in Texas, with 15 randomly assigned to the Lunch is in the Bag intervention to improve the lunch meal and 15 to a wait-list control condition. Study participants were parent and child aged 3-5 years (N = 633 dyads). Data were collected at baseline (pre-intervention) and follow-ups at weeks 6 (post-intervention), 22 (pre-booster), and 28 (post-booster). Changes effected in the children's lunch eating-e.g., increase of 14 percent in prevalence of children eating vegetables (SE = 5, P = 0.0063)-reciprocated changes in parent lunch-packing. Irrespective of intervention, however, the children consumed one-half to two-thirds of the amounts of whatever foods the parents packed, and the eat-to-pack ratio did not change across time. Thus, children's lunch eating at the ECE centers appeared to be regulated by perceptual cues of food availability rather than food preferences or internal cues of hunger and satiety.
早期护理和教育 (ECE) 中心要求自带午餐，这为观察幼儿期亲子饮食互动提供了一个无干扰的视角。在德克萨斯州的 30 个 ECE 中心观察了儿童从家长提供的袋装午餐中进食的情况，其中 15 个被随机分配到“午餐在袋中”干预组，以改善午餐，15 个被分配到候补对照组。研究参与者为 3-5 岁的儿童及其家长（N=633 对）。在基线（干预前）和 6 周（干预后）、22 周（预强化）和 28 周（强化后）进行了数据收集。儿童午餐进食的变化——例如，儿童吃蔬菜的比例增加了 14%（SE=5，P=0.0063）——与家长的午餐包装行为的变化相互对应。然而，无论干预与否，孩子们所吃的食物数量都在父母所包装食物的一半到三分之二之间，而且饮食与包装的比例在整个时间内都没有变化。因此，ECE 中心的儿童午餐进食似乎受到食物可获得性的感知线索的调节，而不是食物偏好或饥饿和饱腹感的内部线索。
