Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University, 2124 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 14;18(24):13168. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413168.
Gender difference in the lunches brought from home to school and the amount consumed by elementary and intermediate school students were examined using data collected from 12 schools in Texas. The amount and nutritional quality of food items brought and consumed was evaluated, by comparing the results to the 2012 school meal standards, and Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). Almost all lunches brought from home contained grain and meat/meat alternatives, and the amount brought and consumed exceeded the NSLP standards. The majority of students did not bring fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods, but those who brought consumed most of what they brought. Among elementary school students, only 9% of boys and 14% of girls brought vegetables and the amount brought and consumed did not meet the standards. Although carbohydrate and protein consumption were adequate for boys and girls, the intakes of micronutrients and fiber did not meet the requirements across both genders at both school levels. Overall, lunches brought from home were not well balanced and did not meet NSLP standards and DRIs. It is imperative to identify strategies to improve the nutritional quality of lunches brought from home considering gender difference in food choice and educating parents and children on what is a healthy well-balanced lunch.
本研究使用德克萨斯州 12 所学校的数据，调查了中小学生从家里带到学校的午餐的性别差异和消耗量。通过将结果与 2012 年学校膳食标准和膳食参考摄入量（DRIs）进行比较，评估了所带食物的数量和营养质量。几乎所有从家里带来的午餐都包含谷物和肉/肉类替代品，所带和消耗的数量都超过了国家学校午餐计划的标准。大多数学生没有带水果、蔬菜和全谷物食品，但那些带了的学生大部分都吃了。在小学生中，只有 9%的男生和 14%的女生带了蔬菜，所带和消耗的数量都不符合标准。尽管男生和女生的碳水化合物和蛋白质摄入量都足够，但在两个性别和两个学校水平上，微量营养素和纤维的摄入量都不符合要求。总的来说，从家里带来的午餐不均衡，不符合国家学校午餐计划标准和 DRIs。考虑到性别差异在食物选择上的影响，有必要确定改善从家里带来的午餐的营养质量的策略，并教育家长和孩子什么是健康均衡的午餐。
