Medical Museion, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Helsinki University Museum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018 Apr;32(4):570-580. doi: 10.1111/jdv.14659. Epub 2017 Nov 28.
The art of producing and acquiring dermatological wax models, moulages, flourished all over Europe in the beginning of the twentieth century, whereas very little is known about the existence of moulage collections in the Nordic countries.
The aim of this study was to elucidate the presence, the origin, the production place, the use and the condition of dermatological moulage collections in the Nordic countries.
In each Nordic country, an extensive survey was undertaken during spring 2016. Dermatological departments, museums with medical collections, persons assumed to have specific information about wax moulages as well as secondary sources were contacted and interviewed.
Several hitherto undescribed collections have survived in each country, most, however, damaged and in disrepair. One Danish and part of a Finnish collection have been restored. Only few moulages are exhibited and some have been photographed and digitalized. Denmark and Sweden have had a local moulage production. Responses to the survey indicate that the result covers all collections of dermatological moulages in the Nordic countries, though some moulages may remain in private collections unknown to the authors, or uncatalogued in museums.
Moulages are medical gems from bygone days before modern technology facilitated new means of communication. Restoration and appropriate storing should be considered for at least selected items from the Nordic collections.
制作和获取皮肤科蜡模的艺术在 20 世纪初在整个欧洲蓬勃发展，而关于北欧国家存在蜡模收藏的知之甚少。
本研究旨在阐明北欧国家皮肤科蜡模收藏的存在、来源、制作地点、用途和状况。
在 2016 年春季，在每个北欧国家进行了广泛的调查。联系了皮肤科、有医学收藏的博物馆、被认为具有蜡模特定信息的人员以及二手资料来源，并对其进行了采访。
在每个国家都有一些迄今未被描述的收藏，但大多数都损坏和失修。一个丹麦和一部分芬兰的收藏已经被修复。只有少数蜡模被展出，有些已经被拍照和数字化。丹麦和瑞典曾经有过当地的蜡模制作。调查的回复表明，结果涵盖了北欧国家所有的皮肤科蜡模收藏，尽管一些蜡模可能仍在作者未知的私人收藏中，或者在博物馆中未被编目。
蜡模是现代技术之前的医学珍品，它为新的交流手段提供了便利。北欧收藏中至少应考虑对某些选定的物品进行修复和适当储存。
