Feng Xinghua, Yang Junsheng
Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
The Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 3089 Natural Science Building (Kraus), 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Messenger (Los Angel). 2016 Jun;5(1-2):56-66. doi: 10.1166/msr.2016.1055. Epub 2016 Jun 1.
Lysosomes are the central organelles responsible for macromolecule recycling in the cell. Lysosomal dysfunction is the primary cause of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), and contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of common neurodegenerative diseases. The lysosomes are also intracellular stores for calcium ions, one of the most common second messenger in the cell. Lysosomal Ca is required for diverse cellular processes including signal transduction, vesicular trafficking, autophagy, nutrient sensing, exocytosis, and membrane repair. In this review, we first summarize some recent progresses in the studies of lysosome Ca regulation, with a focus on the newly discovered lysosomal Ca channels and the mechanisms of lysosomal Ca store refilling. We then discuss how defects in lysosomal Ca release and store maintenance cause lysosomal dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
溶酶体是细胞内负责大分子循环利用的核心细胞器。溶酶体功能障碍是溶酶体贮积症（LSDs）的主要病因，并且在常见神经退行性疾病的发病机制中起重要作用。溶酶体也是细胞内钙离子的储存库，钙离子是细胞中最常见的第二信使之一。溶酶体钙参与多种细胞过程，包括信号转导、囊泡运输、自噬、营养感知、胞吐作用和膜修复。在本综述中，我们首先总结溶酶体钙调节研究的一些最新进展，重点关注新发现的溶酶体钙通道以及溶酶体钙库再填充机制。然后我们讨论溶酶体钙释放和储存维持缺陷如何导致溶酶体功能障碍和神经退行性变。
