Vicario Carmelo M, Kuran Karolina A, Urgesi Cosimo
School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
Wolfson Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Bangor University, Bangor, UK.
Psychol Res. 2019 Apr;83(3):395-405. doi: 10.1007/s00426-017-0934-y. Epub 2017 Oct 30.
Evidence exists about the influence of interoception on time-keeping functions. In the current study we further addressed this topic by testing the effect of fasting and snack on the ability to estimate the duration of reinforcement-oriented grasping actions. We found that, after fasting, the time estimation for the grasping of a primary reinforcement (i.e., a muffin) was positively influenced by moderate hunger. By contrast, high hunger after fasting interfered with the timing estimation for the grasping of a neutral object (i.e., a notepad). We also reported that, after snack, individuals with high residual levels of hunger showed higher variability of responses for the timing of primary-reinforcement-oriented actions; conversely, those with low level of hunger (after snack) showed higher response variability in the timing of secondary-reinforcement-oriented actions. Finally, timing variability in the fasting condition negatively correlated with the Body Mass Index of our participants. Overall, our results indicate that both the modification of the physiological state and individual traits related to appetite might affect the subjective experience of time. This is in line with the accumulating evidence documenting the influence of interoception in temporal processing and, more in general, with the New Look in Perception theoretical view, stating that the perception of external events might be influenced by motivational states.
有证据表明内感受对计时功能有影响。在当前研究中，我们通过测试禁食和吃零食对估计以强化为导向的抓握动作持续时间能力的影响，进一步探讨了这个话题。我们发现，禁食后，对抓取主要强化物（即松饼）的时间估计受到适度饥饿的积极影响。相比之下，禁食后的高度饥饿干扰了对抓取中性物体（即笔记本）的时间估计。我们还报告说，吃零食后，饥饿残留水平高的个体在以主要强化为导向的动作计时方面表现出更高的反应变异性；相反，饥饿水平低的个体（吃零食后）在以次要强化为导向的动作计时方面表现出更高的反应变异性。最后，禁食条件下的计时变异性与我们参与者的体重指数呈负相关。总体而言，我们的结果表明，生理状态的改变和与食欲相关的个体特征都可能影响时间的主观体验。这与越来越多记录内感受在时间处理中的影响的证据一致，更一般地说，与“感知新视角”理论观点一致，该观点认为外部事件的感知可能受到动机状态的影响。
