da Costa Elizângela Pinheiro, Pinto Carolina Cristiane, Soares Ana Luiza Cunha, Melo Livia Duarte Ventura, Oliveira Sílvia Maria Alves Corrêa
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - Escola de Engenharia - Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Bloco 1 - sala 4525, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
Instituto Mineiro de Gestão das Águas-Cidade Administrativa do Estado de Minas Gerais, Rodovia João Paulo II, 414. Bairro Serra Verde - Prédio Minas - 1° e 2° andar, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31630-900, Brazil.
Environ Monit Assess. 2017 Oct 30;189(11):590. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-6266-y.
The São Francisco River is the largest river located entirely within Brazil, and water scarcity problems have been a major concern of Brazilian society and government. Water quality issues are also a concern and have worsened with the recent intensification of urbanization and industrialization. In this study, violations to water quality standards established by local legislation were calculated as a percentage for 26 selected parameters over a monitoring period of 14 years. The violation percentages were analyzed spatially using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by multiple comparison analysis. Temporal analysis was performed using the Mann-Kendall test and Spearman correlation. Some parameters could be identified as cause for concern due to high violation levels, such as the fecal coliform indicator (FCI) and phosphorus-both related to domestic and effluent disposal without treatment or with insufficient treatment-and color, turbidity, manganese, and total suspended solids-which can be affected by erosive processes of natural and anthropogenic causes. The study found that these violations are concentrated in the most urbanized and industrialized areas of the basin. Some metallic parameters, such as iron and arsenic violations, may be related to mining activities in the rich soil of the Iron Quadrangle area located within the Minas Gerais State. Trend analysis results indicated that most monitoring stations did not have significant modification (elevation or reduction) trends over time, which, together with the high violation percentages, might indicate the maintenance of a scenario of constant pressure upon water resources, in particular in those more urbanized areas.
圣弗朗西斯科河是完全位于巴西境内的最大河流，水资源短缺问题一直是巴西社会和政府主要关注的问题。水质问题同样令人担忧，并且随着近期城市化和工业化的加剧而恶化。在本研究中，计算了在14年的监测期内，26个选定参数违反当地立法规定的水质标准的百分比。使用Kruskal-Wallis检验对违规百分比进行空间分析，随后进行多重比较分析。使用Mann-Kendall检验和Spearman相关性进行时间分析。由于违规水平较高，一些参数可能值得关注，例如粪便大肠菌群指标（FCI）和磷——两者都与未经处理或处理不充分的生活污水和废水排放有关——以及颜色、浊度、锰和总悬浮固体，这些可能受到自然和人为原因侵蚀过程的影响。研究发现，这些违规行为集中在流域内城市化和工业化程度最高的地区。一些金属参数，如铁和砷的违规，可能与位于米纳斯吉拉斯州的铁四角地区肥沃土壤中的采矿活动有关。趋势分析结果表明，大多数监测站随着时间推移没有显著的变化（升高或降低）趋势，这与高违规百分比一起，可能表明水资源持续面临压力的情况，特别是在那些城市化程度较高的地区。
