Nestle Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Lausanne, Switzerland.
Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018 Feb;62(3). doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700703. Epub 2017 Dec 28.
Research is limited on diet challenges to improve health. A short-term, vegan protein diet regimen nutritionally balanced in macronutrient composition compared to an omnivorous diet is hypothesized to improve metabolic measurements of blood sugar regulation, blood lipids, and amino acid metabolism.
This randomized, cross-over, controlled vegan versus animal diet challenge is conducted on 21 (11 female,10 male) healthy participants. Fasting plasma is measured during a 3 d diet intervention for clinical biochemistry and metabonomics. Intervention diet plans meet individual caloric needs. Meals are provided and supervised. Diet compliance is monitored.
The vegan diet lowers triglycerides, insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), bile acids, elevated magnesium levels, and changed branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) metabolism (p < 0.05), potentiating insulin and blood sugar control after 48 h. Cholesterol control improves significantly in the vegan versus omnivorous diets. Plasma amino acid and magnesium concentrations positively correlate with dietary amino acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber inversely correlate with insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides. Nutritional biochemistries, BCAAs, insulin, and HOMA-IR are impacted by sexual dimorphism. A health-promoting, BCAA-associated metabolic signature is produced from a short-term, healthy, controlled, vegan diet challenge when compared with a healthy, controlled, omnivorous diet.
关于改善健康的饮食挑战的研究有限。与杂食饮食相比，短期的、植物性蛋白质饮食在宏量营养素组成上营养均衡，据推测可以改善血糖调节、血液脂质和氨基酸代谢的代谢测量。
这项随机、交叉、对照的植物性饮食与动物性饮食挑战在 21 名（11 名女性，10 名男性）健康参与者中进行。在 3 天的饮食干预期间测量空腹血浆，用于临床生物化学和代谢组学研究。干预饮食计划满足个人热量需求。提供并监督膳食。监测饮食依从性。
素食饮食降低了甘油三酯、胰岛素和稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）、胆汁酸、升高的镁水平，并改变了支链氨基酸（BCAA）代谢（p<0.05），在 48 小时后增强了胰岛素和血糖控制。胆固醇控制在素食与杂食饮食中显著改善。血浆氨基酸和镁浓度与饮食氨基酸呈正相关。多不饱和脂肪酸和膳食纤维与胰岛素、HOMA-IR 和甘油三酯呈负相关。营养生物化学、BCAA、胰岛素和 HOMA-IR 受到性别二态性的影响。与健康的、对照的杂食饮食相比，短期、健康、对照的素食饮食挑战会产生促进健康的、与 BCAA 相关的代谢特征。
